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DATA SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATOR COURSE

DS.02.01

VIRTUALIZATION

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OVERVIEW

• Introduction to Virtualization
• Characteristics of Virtualized Environments
• Characteristics of Virtualization
• Types of Virtualization Technology
• Types of Hypervisors
• Characteristics of Virtual Machines
• Types of Data Stores

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OVERVIEW

• Network-Attached Storage
• Storage-Area Network
• VMware vStorage Area Network
• Characteristics of Virtual Management Tools
•

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Refer to your student handout for detailed list of your Terminal

and Enabling learning objectives.

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INTRODUCTION TO VIRTUALIZATION

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INTRODUCTION TO VIRTUALIZATION

• The creation of a virtual version such as an Operating System, Server,

Storage or Network
• Software that simulates hardware functionality
• Software called Hypervisors separate physical resources and divide
them up
• Resources are partitioned as needed
• Less gear to take to the field

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INTRODUCTION TO VIRTUALIZATION

• Avoids wasting expensive processing power

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRONMENTS

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRONMENTS
• Three Major Components
– Guest
• Component that interacts with the
virtualization layer rather than host
– Virtualization
• Where the guest will operate
– Host
• Where the guest is supposed to be
managed

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUALIZATION

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUALIZATION

• There are FOUR benefits

– Partitioning
• Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine.
– Isolation
• If one virtual-instance crashes, it doesn’t affect the other virtual machines
– Encapsulation
• Move and copy virtual machines as easily as moving and copying files.
– Hardware Independence
• Provision or migrate any virtual machine to any physical server.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUALIZATION

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TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATION
TECHNOLOGIES

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TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES

• Desktop Virtualization
• When the host server can run virtual machines using a hypervisor
• Virtualized desktops don’t use the host system’s hard drive
• Useful for development and testing teams
• 3 Popular types of Desktop Virtualization
• Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (vDI)
• Remote Desktop Services (RDS)
• Desktop-as-a-Service (DaaS)

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TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES

• Application Virtualization
• Abstracting the application layer away from the operating system
• Application can run in an encapsulated form
• Able to maintain cost-effective configuration
• Can save on license cost
• Windows Applications on Linux OS !
• *Not Common in USMC

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TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES

• Server Virtualization
• Single Server into multiple virtual Servers
• Virtual Servers can run as separate Machines based on Roles
• Saves on Hardware Cost
• Does not waste resources
• Keeps infrastructure streamlined and redundant

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TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES

• Server Virtualization

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TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES

• Network Virtualization
• Helps manage and monitor the entire computer network
• Can keep track of various network elements
• Assist with network optimization for data transfer rates
• Improves overall productivity and efficiency
• Can ensure high and stable network performance

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TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES

• Storage Virtualization
• Pooling physical storage of multiple devices
• Facilitates archiving, easy backup and recovery task
• Helps allocate, move, change and manage resources
• *VMware vSAN (preferred method)

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TYPES OF HYPERVISORS

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TYPES OF HYPERVISORS

The TWO main hypervisor types are:

• Type 1 or “Bare Metal”
– A lightweight operating system and runs directly on the host’s hardware
– Most commonly deployed
– Perform better and more efficiently than *hosted hypervisors
– Can run multiple virtual servers for multiple tenants on one physical
– The hardware for bare-metal servers can also be optimized to increase
performance
– They are extremely secure

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TYPES OF HYPERVISORS

The TWO main hypervisor types are:

• Type 2 or “Hosted”
– Runs as a software layer on an operating system, like other computer programs.
– Hosted hypervisors are sometimes known as client hypervisors
– Downside of hosted hypervisors is that latency is higher than bare-metal
hypervisors
– Poses more of a security risk than using a dedicated bare-metal server.

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TYPES OF HYPERVISORS

The TWO main hypervisor types are:

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TYPES OF HYPERVISORS

Examples of Hypervisors
Type 1 hypervisors: Type 2 hypervisors:
• VMware ESX and ESXi • VMware Workstation/Fusion/Player
– They offer advanced features and – Intended to run only one virtual machine
scalability • Microsoft Virtual PC
– VMware is the leader in the Type-1 – Supports only Windows operating
hypervisors systems running on it
– Affordable for small infrastructures
• Oracle VM VirtualBox
• Microsoft Hyper-V – Hosted product with a very small footprint
– One of the top 3 Type-1 hypervisors. – Virtualization on a budget
• Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization
– Qualities of both a hosted and a bare-
metal virtualization hypervisor
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPERVISORS

• Performance
– Bare-metal hypervisors should support guest OS performance close to native
speeds.
• Ecosystem
– Look for good documentation and technical support to implement and manage
hypervisors
• Management Tool
– Ensure that the vendor or third-party community supports the hypervisor
architecture with comprehensive management tools.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPERVISORS

• Live Migration
– *Move VMs between hypervisors on different physical machines without stopping
them
– Useful for both fail-over and load balancing
• Cost

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL MACHINES

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL MACHINES

What Makes up a Virtual Machine (VM) ?

• What is a Virtual Machine (VM)?
– Functions as a virtual computer system with its own CPU, memory, network
interface, and storage, created on a physical hardware
– VMs are isolated from the rest of the system
– Runs the same way an operating system or
application normally would
– End user experience emulated within
the VM is nearly identical

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL MACHINES

What Makes up a Virtual Machine (VM) ?

• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
– Performs the tasks required for computer applications to run
– Primary element that performs the computer functions
– CPUs contain cores

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL MACHINES

What Makes up a Virtual Machine (VM) ?

• Random Access Memory (RAM)
– How much of the host's memory is allocated to the virtual machine
– Determines how much memory is available to applications that run in the virtual
machine
– Do NOT OVERSIZE RAM

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL MACHINES

What Makes up a Virtual Machine (VM) ?

• Network Interface Card (vNIC)
– Assist in connecting to a/the network
– Function as Vlance adapter if VMWare Tools are not installed.
– Will function as VMXNET if VMWARE Tools are installed
• *INSTALL VMWARE TOOLS ON ALL VM’s

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL MACHINES

What Makes up a Virtual Machine (VM) ?

• Storage (Virtual Disk Configuration)
– Store the information that you write to a virtual machine's hard disk — the
operating system, the program files and the data files
– Administrators can add virtual disks to virtual machines and add more space to
existing disks, even when the virtual machine is running
– The virtual disk files have a .vmdk extension

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL MACHINES

What Makes up a Virtual Machine (VM) ?

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TYPES OF DATASTORES

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WHAT IS A DATASTORE

• Storage Devices (Hard Drives)

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WHAT IS A DATASTORE

• Datastores are a virtual representation of physical storage resources in the data

center.
• They could be located on a local server hard drive or across the network on a SAN
• They are the storage location for virtual machine files
• Datastores are used to hold virtual machine files, templates, and ISO images
• Administrators can organize datastores according to functions of services

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TYPES OF DATASTORES

• VMFS (vSphere Virtual Machine File System)

– High-performance file system format that is optimized for storing virtual machines
– Can be extended to span over physical storage devices.
• NFS (Network File System)
– Uses TCP/IP to access a designated NFS volume.
– ESXi host mounts to the volume as an NFS datastore
• vSAN
– aggregates all local capacity devices available on the hosts into a single
datastore
– This is the preferred method
• vVOL
– Rarely used within USMC
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NETWORK ATTACHED STORAGE

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NETWORK ATTACHED STORAGE

• The NAS is a storage device that sits on your network and offers
storage to servers on the network. It allows multiple clients, like PC
users, and servers to share files over a Local Area Network (LAN).

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STORAGE AREA NETWORK (SAN)

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STORAGE AREA NETWORK (SAN)

• A SAN typically has its own network of storage devices that are
generally not accessible through the regular network by regular devices.

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VMWARE STORAGE AREA NETWORK

(VSAN)

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VMware STORAGE AREA NETWORK (VSAN)

What is a vSAN?
• Software defined storage solution from VMware to eliminate the need of the
additional storage
• Abstracts the local storage of ESXi hosts and makes a pool
• vSAN supports both hybrid and all-flash configurations using a two-tier architecture
• All the hosts in the cluster can utilize the vSAN

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VMware STORAGE AREA NETWORK (VSAN)

Key Features of vSAN

• Software defined
• Integrated with vSphere
• Simple
• Flexible
• Storage policies
• Deduplication & Compression
• Encryption
• Erasure coding
• All Flash or Hybrid

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL
MANAGEMENT TOOLS

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL MANAGEMENT

TOOLS

What are Virtualization Management Tools?

• Tools that are designed to administer the operations and processes of a
virtualization environment.
• They simplify resource administration, enhance data analyses, and streamline
operations.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRTUAL MANAGEMENT

TOOLS

Virtualization Management Features and Capabilities

• Virtual Machine administrator alerts
• Processor and memory allocation to virtual machines
• Dynamic resource allocation
• Performance monitoring
• Programmable APIs
• Future requirements prediction

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EXAMPLES OF VIRTUAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS

VMWare vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA)

• A preconfigured SUSE Linux-based virtual machine optimized for running vCenter
Server and the associated services.
• Allows the configuration of host and VMs while monitoring their performance
• Manages resource shares for CPU, memory, disk space, and networking bandwidth
• Allows moving a virtual machine from one physical server (ESXi host) to another
with no downtime
• Can integrate with Active Directory for different management roles

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EXAMPLES OF VIRTUAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS

VMWare vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA)

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EXAMPLES OF VIRTUAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS

vRealize Operations (vROPS)

• Become more efficient with comprehensive visibility across applications and
infrastructures in one place

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OVERVIEW

• Introduction to Virtualization
• Characteristics of Virtualized Environments
• Characteristics of Virtualization
• Types of Virtualization Technology
• Types of Hypervisors
• Characteristics of Virtual Machines
• Types of Data Stores

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OVERVIEW

• Network-Attached Storage
• Storage-Area Network
• VMware vStorage Area Network
• Characteristics of Virtual Management Tools

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