Lecture No.
20 BSHND – 7 th
Course: Nutrition immunology
Instructor: Dn. Daniyal Munir
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Who I am?
Dn. Daniyal Munir (MS/ M. Phil in Human Nutrition & Dietetics)
(Department of AHS, IQRA University Islamabad)
Email: [email protected]
Previous Employment
Informatics group of colleges Arifwala (HOD OF AHS)
GC University Faisalabad (Teaching Assistant)
United hospital Faisalabad (Clinical Nutritionist)
Children hospital Lahore. (Internee)
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Course Detail
Course Nutritional Immunology ( HND-SP-21)
Contact Hours: Credit Hours:
Theory: 48 Theory: 3
Total: 48 Total: 3
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Course Outlines
Course Description
This course focuses on factors impacting nutritional and immunological
status
Topics covered include: Nutritional immunology: overview, principles;
Immune system; Mechanisms of immune dysfunction in autoimmune
conditions and cancer; Gerson therapy; Harmful effects of vaccinations and
antibiotics and nutritional support; Supplementation requirements to treat
immune dysfunctions, colds, flus, pandemics. Opportunistic infections.
Genetic and immunity; Functional foods and Immunology; Immune boosters.
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Course Objectives
Course Objectives
• Understanding the Basics of Immunology
• Exploring the Impact of Nutrition on Immune Function
• Analysing the Relationship Between Diet and Inflammatory Responses
• Understanding Gut Health and Immunity
• Promoting Optimal Nutrition for Immune Support
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Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
Sr. Taxonomy
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) Statement Sos
No. Level
1 UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITION AND IMMUNITY C1 1
2 EVALUATE, SUMMARIZE AND APPLY CURRENT RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF NUTRITION C6 3
DETERMINE AND ASSESS FACTORS IMPACTING NUTRITIONAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL
3 C4 7
STATUS
4 GRASP KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE INTERACTIONS AMONG THE NUTRIENTS AND IMMUNE C1 1
RESPONSES
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Students Outcomes (SOs)
a) Comprehensive Understanding of Immunology
b) Better Knowledge of Nutrient-Immune Interactions
c) Understanding Gut-Immune Axis
d) Awareness of Dietary Impact on Inflammation
e) Continuous Learning and Stay Updated
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Course Weight Breakdown
Assessment Instruments with Weights
Homework, Quizzes, Midterms, Final, Programming Assignments, Lab Work,
etc.)
Theory
o Quizzes 10
o Assignment 10
o Midterm 30
o Presentation/Other Activities 10
o Final 40
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Course Outlines
Text & Reference Books
Calder, P.C., C.J. Field and H.S. Gill. 2002. Nutrition
and Immune Function. CABI Publishing, New York,
USA.
Gershwin, M.E., J.B. German and C.L.
Keen. 2000. Nutrition and Immunology
Principles and Practice. Humana Press, New York,
USA.
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Course Outlines
Text & Reference Books
Gershwin. ME., P. Nestel and C.L. Keen.2004.
Handbook of Nutrition and Immunology. Humana
Press, New York, USA.
Schat, K.A., B. Kaspers and P. Kaiser. 2014. Avian
Immunology, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA,
USA
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Lecture Contents
Course introduction
Antibiotics
Mechanism of Antibiotic
Action of Antibiotic agent
Antimicrobial Resistance
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Introduction
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History
Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch reported in 19th century Bacteria as causative agents
& recognized need to control them
• Science of chemotherapy started by Paul Ehrlich in 1910
• First antibiotic Penicillin produced by Alexander Fleming in 1928 • Use of
Penicillium notatum against staphylococci
• Florey & Chain purified it by freeze drying in 1940 First used in a patient 1942
• Win Nobel prize in 1945
• Penicillin saved 12-15% of lives in World War II
14
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Drugs
A substance produced by one microorganism that selectively kills or inhibits the
growth of another
• Antibiotics are prescription drugs that are used to treat infections caused by
bacteria. Like bronchitis, pneumonia and urinary tract infections
• Antibiotics work by killing the bacteria causing the infection OR
• by stopping the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Antibiotics only work to
treat bacterial infections
• They don’t work for infections caused by viruses, which can include the common
cold, runny nose, most coughs and bronchitis, most sore throats, and the flu
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Mechanism of Antibiotics
Antibiotics act by disrupting various molecular targets within bacteria and cell surface,
preventing growth or initiating killing
– Cell wall formation
– Protein synthesis
– DNA replication
– RNA synthesis
– Synthesis of essential metabolites
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Mechanism of Antibacterial Agents
Aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins,
oxazolidinones (linezolid) Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to
subunits of bacterial ribosomes
• Tetracyclines Inhibition of protein synthesis by preventing transfer RNA binding to
ribosomes
• Beta-lactams Inhibition of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by competitive
inhibition of transpeptidases (penicillin-binding proteins)
• Cyclic lipopeptide (daptomycin) Insertion of lipophilic tail into plasma membrane
causes depolarization and cell death
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Mechanism of Antibacterial Agents
Glycopeptides Inhibition of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by forming complexes
with D-alanine residues on peptidoglycan precursors
Nitroimidazoles The reduced form of the drug causes strand breaks in DNA
Quinolones Inhibition of DNA replication by binding to DNA topoisomerase,
preventing supercoiling and uncoiling of DNA
Rifamycins Inhibition of DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA
polymerase
Sulphonamides and trimethoprim Inhibition of folate synthesis by dihydropteroate
synthase (sulphonamides) and dihydrofolate reductase (trimethoprim) inhibition
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What is antimicrobial resistance
• The ability of a microorganism to survive at a given concentration of an
antimicrobial agent at which the normal population of the microorganism would be
killed
• This is called the “Epidemiological breakpoint”.
What is antimicrobial resistance II?
• The ability of a microorganism to survive treatment with a clinical concentration
of an antimicrobial agent in the body.
• This is called the “Clinical breakpoint”
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Thank You !
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