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Lecture 2

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Lecture 2

Uploaded by

ahmedmangi543
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter No 1 –

Lecture #02

•TE-256
•Computer Communication
& Networking

Compiled By:
Imran Khan
Dawood University of Engineering & Technology
Department of Telecommunication Engineering [email protected]
LAN WAN MAN
What is a Computer Network?
 Collection of autonomous

computers interconnected
by a single technology is
called computer network.
 Two computers are set

to be interconnected if
they are able to
exchange information.
 Connection can be

through a copper wire,


fiber optics, microwaves,
infrared or satellite.
There are three broad categories
of networks:

Local Area Networks (LAN)

Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Metropolitan Area Networks

(MAN)
Local Area Networks (LAN)
 A Local Area Network (LAN) is a collection of networking
equipment located geographically close together.
E.g. Single room, campus etc.
 Data transferred in High speed which ranges from 100
Mbps to 1 Gbps for system development and have a low
implementation cost.
 Upper limit: 10 km ; Lower limit: 1 km
 Twisted pair cable or Co-axial cable connects the plug
in cards to form a network.
 Designed to share resources between PCs and
workstation such as hardware or data.
• Cost reductions through sharing of information and
databases, resources and network services.
• Increased information exchange between different
departments in
an organization, or between individuals.
• The trend to automate communication and manufacturing
process.

•Special security measures


are needed to stop users
from using programs and
data that they should not
have access to;
•Networks are difficult to set
up and need to be
maintained by skilled
technicians.
•If the file server develops a
serious fault, all the users are
affected, rather than just one
user in the case of a stand-
Metropolitan Area Networks
(MAN)
 The metropolitan area network (MAN) is designed
to extend over an entire city.
 It may be a single network such as cable television
network available in many cities.
 A MAN uses distributed queue dual bus.
 Range: Within 100 km (a city).
Bus A

MAN

Bus B
MAN

What is DQDB?
• Distributed Queue Dual Bus
• Protocol for MAN
• DQDB is an IEEE standard: 802.6
• Designed for both voice & video
• Topology used: Dual Bus - uses 2 unidirectional logical buses
• Extend up to 30 miles at 34-55 Mbps
• Uses optical fibre links
• Works on Data-link layer
• (specially in MAC sub-layer)

• Used in data, voice and video transmissions


• Provides
• connection-oriented services
• connection less services
• asynchronous services
MAN

DQDB Architecture

• Each bus supports traffic in only one direction


• Beginning of bus is denoted by a square .
• Bus B traffic moves from right to left and Bus A traffic from left to right
• Each bus connects to stations directly through input and output ports
 It provides a good back  More cable required for a
bone for a large network MAN connection from
and provides greater access one place to another.
to WANs.
 The dual bus used in  It is difficult to make the
MAN helps the system secure from
transmission of data in hackers and industrial
both direction espionage (spying)
simultaneously. graphical regions.
 A Man usually encompasses
several blocks of a city or
an entire city.
Wide Area Networks (WANs)

 Span a large geographical area


 Require the crossing of public right-of-ways
 Rely in part on common carrier circuits
 Typically
consist of a number of
interconnected switching nodes
 Range: Beyond 100 km.
•Covers a large geographical •Need a good firewall to restrict
area so long distance businesses outsiders from entering and
can connect on the one network. disrupting the network
•Shares software and resources •Setting up a network can be an
with expensive, slow and complicated.
connecting workstations. The bigger the network the more
•Messages can be sent very quickly expensive it is.
to anyone else on the network. •Once set up, maintaining a
These messages can have pictures, network is a full-time job which
sounds, or data included with them requires network supervisors
(called attachments). and technicians to be employed.
•Expensive things (such as printers •Security is a real issue when
or phone lines to the internet) can many different people have the
be shared by all the computers on ability to use information from
the network without having to buy a other computers. Protection
different peripheral for each against hackers and viruses adds
computer. more complexity and expense.
•Everyone on the network can use
the same data. This avoids problems
where some users may have older
information than others.
Wide Area Networks
Alternative technologies used include:
 Circuit switching
 Packet switching
 Frame relay
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

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