Chapter 12
Cryptographic
Hash Functions
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12.1
Chapter 12
Objectives
To introduce general ideas behind cryptographic
hash functions
To discuss the Merkle-Damgard scheme as the basis
for iterated hash functions
To distinguish between two categories of hash
functions:
To discuss the structure of SHA-512.
To discuss the structure of Whirlpool.
12.2
12-1 INTRODUCTION
A cryptographic hash function takes a message of
arbitrary length and creates a message digest of fixed
length. The ultimate goal of this chapter is to discuss
the details of the two most promising cryptographic
hash algorithms SHA-512 and Whirlpool.
Topics discussed in this section:
12.1.1 Iterated Hash Function
12.1.2 Two Groups of Compression Functions
12.3
12.1.1 Iterated Hash Function
Merkle-Damgard Scheme
Figure 12.1 Merkle-Damgard scheme
12.4
12.1.2 Two Groups of Compression Functions
1. The compression function is made from scratch.
Message Digest (MD)
2. A symmetric-key block cipher serves as a compression
function.
Whirlpool
12.5
12.1.2 Continued
12.8
12.1.2 Continued
Rabin Scheme
Figure 12.2 Rabin scheme
12.9
12.1.2 Continued
Davies-Meyer Scheme
Figure 12.3 Davies-Meyer scheme
12.10
12.1.2 Continued
Matyas-Meyer-Oseas Scheme
Figure 12.4 Matyas-Meyer-Oseas scheme
12.11
12.1.2 Continued
Miyaguchi-Preneel Scheme
Figure 12.5 Miyaguchi-Preneel scheme
12.12
12-2 SHA-512
SHA-512 is the version of SHA with a 512-bit message
digest. This version, like the others in the SHA family
of algorithms, is based on the Merkle-Damgard
scheme.
Topics discussed in this section:
12.2.1 Introduction
12.2.2 Compression Function
12.2.3 Analysis
12.13
12.2.1 Introduction
Figure 12.6 Message digest creation SHA-512
12.14
12-3 WHIRLPOOL
Whirlpool is an iterated cryptographic hash function,
based on the Miyaguchi-Preneel scheme, that uses a
symmetric-key block cipher in place of the
compression function. The block cipher is a modified
AES cipher that has been tailored for this purpose.
Topics discussed in this section:
12.3.1 Whirlpool Cipher
12.3.2 Summary
12.3.3 Analysis
12.35
12-3 Continued
Figure 12.12 Whirlpool hash function
12.36
12.3.1 Whirlpool Cipher
Figure 12.13 General idea of the Whirlpool cipher
12.37
12.3.2 Summary
12.48
12.3.3 Analysis
Although Whirlpool has not been extensively studied or
tested, it is based on a robust scheme (Miyaguchi-
Preneel), and for a compression function uses a cipher
that is based on AES, a cryptosystem that has been proved
very resistant to attacks. In addition, the size of the
message digest is the same as for SHA-512. Therefore it is
expected to be a very strong cryptographic hash function.
12.49
