FRESH WATER FISH CULTURE
Fish culture is practiced in less than 30 % of the total areas available. Out of the total in land fish production (3.6 million metric tons) 60% in ponds and reservoirs. The average productivity from ponds on the national level is around 2,500 kg/ha/year. Andhra Pradesh and Haryana it is more than 5,000 kg/ha/year. Bihar and UP -1,500 to 2,500 kg/ha/year. National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) looks after the fish production
REQUIREMENTS OF FISH CULTURE
Ponds less than 100 square meters in area prove unsustainable, while those above 1 hectare are expensive for small players. Any perennial pond retaining water depth of 2 mtr can be used for fish culture. Good quality Soil (Clayey soil), Neutral water (acidic nor alkaline), Fish seed Fish food (oil cakes and rice bran) Conditions suitable for other organisms to grow inside ponds, fertilizers.
REQUIREMENTS
Protected by well built dykes on all sides
Retains at least 1.5 2 metres of water at least for 56 months.
FISH
GRASS CARP
COMMON CARP
MIRROR CARP
MANURE
ORGANIC MANURE LIKE:
COWDUNG
POULTRY DROPPINGS
COMPOST/HOMSTE AD WASTES
INORGANIC MANURE LIKE:
UREA TSP (Triple Super Phosphate) MP (Muriate of Potash)
FISH FEED
o MUSTARD OIL CAKE o RICE/WHEAT BRAN o MACROPHYTES, GREEN ANIMAL FODDER etc. are choice food for grass carp.
o CHEMICALS/DRUGS
o LIME o POTASSIUM PERMENGANATE
o COMMON SALT
STOCKING
FEEDING, SAMPLE NETTING AND WEIGHING
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
To produce 1 kg of fish 1 cubic meter water, 1 kg of organic manure, 100 gm of inorganic fertilizer, 1 kg of supplementary feed and 3 fish seeds Investment Rs 15 to 25. Sale Price of 1 kg of fish is Rs 40 to 50, results in higher income for the producer.
Carps, both Indian and exotic, 80% of the produce from ponds. Rohu, katla, mrigal and magur are the favorite pond fish varieties. Indian major carps rohu, catla and mrigal Exotic carps silver carp, grass carp, common carp Catfish magur, ari, singhi. Tilapia also known as kowai. Trout golden mahseer, silver mahseer, silver grey mahseer and black mahseer.
Annual produce of inland fish in India 3.6 million metric tons
60 % - Ponds and Reservoirs
60 species - Cultivated in different parts of India in ponds or reservoirs 80% - Contribution of carps from fish culture
Advantages of Integrated Fish Culture:
Minimizing of waste products, which improves the local environment. Decreased need for artificial fertilizers, which can increase profits by decreased production costs. Increased fish and vegetable production, which can increase household consumption or income. Decreased dependence on production inputs from outside the farm, which increases the stability of the farm. Increased productivity and efficiency on the farm.
Pre-requisite of Fish farming:
Fresh ponds are required . Ponds should be near market and should have facilities of road transport and permanent source of water. Cheap products for feeding should also be available. In ponds there should be profuse development of zooplanktons and phytoplankton to serve as food to fishes. In a single pond, neither excess amount of fishes should not be reared as it brings competition for survival comes into play, nor less fishes should be reared as resources and not properly utilized.
Steps of fish Rearing:
1st step: Collection of Eggs 2nd step : Transport of seedlings
3rd step : Nursery pond
4th step : Rearing pond 5th step : Stocking pond
Principles of Integrated Fish Culture
The biology of a fish pond Water quality Management of fertilizer application Fertilizing the bottom of the pond Plant by-products and animal manure Choice of fish species Food supplements for fish
THANK YOU !
Achyut Sharma - 16 Deepak Bhardwaj - 16 Gajendra Singh Rathore - 16 Himanshu Gupta - 1655 Manish Mishra - 1670
