Atls 1
Atls 1
Orthopaedic Department
Presented by;
1. Suction
2. Oxygen
3. Ventilator
4. Laryngoscopes (various sizes & shapes)
5. Bag and Mask with Reservoir
6. Flexible Bougie
7. Tongue Depressor
8. Oropharyngeal/Nasopharyngeal Tubes
9. Orotracheal/Nasotracheal/Endotracheal Tubes
10. Needle Cricothyroidotomy Set
11. Formal Cricothyroidotomy Set
12. Tracheostomy set (for children under 12 yrs)
13. Surgical Drapes
14. 10ml Syringes
15. Scalpel
ERVICAL SPINE EQUIPMENT
1. Stethoscope
2. Large Bore Cannula
3. Chest Drain Set including :-
– Antiseptic swap
– Local Anaesthetic
– Scalpel
– Dissecting forceps
– Chest Drain
– Tubing
– Suitable container with underwater seal
– Stitch Material
– Occlusive dressing
CIRCULATION EQUIPMENT
Resuscitation trolley
Defibrillator
Pulse Oximeter
Blood Pressure Monitor
Cardiac Monitor
Capnograph
Normal & Low-Range Thermometers
Nasogastric Tube
Urinary Catheter
Fast Intravenous Infuser / Warmer Device
Ophthalmoscope & Otoscope
Fracture Splints
Glasgow Coma Scale Chart
Broselow Paediatric Resuscitation Measuring Tape
X-Ray Viewing Box
Warming Blanket
Polaroid Camera
Hammer & Nails to prevent the paramedics who brought the patient in from leaving the
department before they have given an ample history.
2. Triage.
If patient suddenly deteriorates at any point, move back and check airway again.
neck.
Assess Carotid pulse for Rate, Character & Volume.
Check Neck veins for distension.
Check for Wounds, Laryngeal crepitus & Subcutaneous emphysema.
Check if Trachea is central.
chest.
expose the chest
Inspect for Sucking Wound Bruising / Asymmetry of expansion.
inspect and palpate for unilateral and bilateral chest movement and signs of injury
determine the rate and depth of respiration
Check for Subcutaneous emphysema and Flail chest
Percuss and Auscultate both anterior and lateral chest.
-alleviate tension pneumothorax
-seal open pneumothorax
.
C-CIRCULATION & HAEMORRHAGE CONTROL
Eye Opening
1-Spontaneous
2-To Speech
3-To Pain
4-No Eye Opening
1. Simple Pneumothorax
2.Haemothorax
3.Pulmonary Contusion
4.Tracheo-Bronchial Injury
5.Blunt Cardiac Injury
6.Traumatic Aortic Disruption
7.Diaphragmatic Rupture
8.Mediastinal Traversing Wounds
9.Blunt Oesophageal Trauma
10.Sternal / Scapular / Rib Fractures
11.Ruptured Liver or Spleen
12.Rupture of an abdominal or pelvic viscus
13.Any other chest / abdominal / or pelvic injuries which have resulted
in organ damage but not in immediate shock
Adjuncts to Primary Survey & Resuscitation
1. Pulse Oximeter
2. Blood Pressure.
3. Cardiac Monitor
4. Electrocardiogram
5. Arterial Blood Gases
6. End Tidal Pco2
7. .X-Rays –
-Chest X-Ray
-Cervical Spine
-Pelvis
The brain has a very high demand for oxygen and so secondary brain damage will occur very
quickly if the brain is deprived of its supply of oxygenated blood.
The C PP is equal to the MABP- ICP. Thus, brain perfusion is reduced either by a decrease in
blood pressure, or by an increase in intra-cranial pressure.
Head injuries may increase intra-cranial pressure by the presence of mass-lesions (haematoma)
interrupt the CSF flow
Sub-arachnoid haemorrhage increases intra-cranial pressure because the blood in the cerebro-
spinal fluid blocks the arachnoid granulations and thereby stops the CSF reabsorbtion
Consider the Need for Emergency Patient Transfer.