Linear Circuit Analysis (EE-111)

Lecture-8
Wye-Delta Transformations

Dr. Imtiaz Hussain

Assistant Professor (Control Systems),
Department of Electronic and Power Engineering
PNEC-NUST, Karachi, Pakistan
email: [email protected]
URL :http://imtiazhussainkalwar.weebly.com/

Fall 2021
1st Semester

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 Lecture Outline
• Introduction
• to Transformation
• to Reformation
• Example Problems
• Exercise Problems

2
 Introduction
• Situations often arise in circuit analysis when the resistors are
neither in parallel nor in series.

• How do we combine resistors when the resistors are neither in

series nor in parallel?

3
 Introduction
• Many circuits of this type can be simplified by using three-
terminal equivalent networks.

• These are the wye (Y) or tee (T) network

4
 Introduction
• Many circuits of this type can be simplified by using three-
terminal equivalent networks.

• The delta () or pi () network

5
 Introduction
• They are used in three-phase networks, electrical filters, and
matching networks.

• Our main interest here is in how to identify them when they occur
as part of a network and how to apply wye-delta transformation in
the analysis of that network. 6
 Introduction
• Three-phase networks transformer connections

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 Delta to Wye Conversion
• Consider terminal 1 & 2 in following figures

𝑅12 ( Y )= 𝑅1 + 𝑅3

R12 means we connect a voltage source b/w r1 and r3 so

r1 and r3 become in series and no current flows to r2 b/c
it is open circuit

𝑅12 ( Δ )= 𝑅 𝑏 ∥( 𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑐 )
𝑅𝑏 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑐 )
𝑅12 ( Δ )=
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐

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 Delta to Wye Conversion
• Considering terminal 1 & 3

𝑅13 ( 𝑌 )= 𝑅 1+ 𝑅2

𝑅13 ( Δ )= 𝑅𝑐 ∥ ( 𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑏 )

𝑅 𝑐 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏)
𝑅13 ( Δ )=
𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐

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 Delta to Wye Conversion
• Considering terminal 3 & 4

𝑅 34 ( 𝑌 ) = 𝑅2 + 𝑅 3

𝑅 34 ( Δ ) = 𝑅𝑞 ∥ ( 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 )

𝑅𝑎 ( 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐 )
𝑅 34 ( Δ ) =
𝑅 𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐

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 Delta to Wye Conversion
• The resistance between each pair of nodes in network is the same
as the resistance between the same pair of nodes in the network.
𝑅12 ( 𝑌 )= 𝑅12 ( Δ )

𝑅13 ( 𝑌 )= 𝑅 13 ( Δ )

𝑅 34 ( 𝑌 ) = 𝑅3 4 ( Δ )

𝑅 𝑏 ( 𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑐 )
𝑅1 + 𝑅 3= (1)
𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐

𝑅 𝑐 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏)
𝑅1 + 𝑅 2= (2)
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
𝑅 𝑎 ( 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 )
𝑅 2+ 𝑅3 = (3)
𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐
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 Delta to Wye Conversion
• Subtracting eq (3) from (1)
𝑅 𝑏 ( 𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑐 )
𝑅1 + 𝑅 3= (1)
𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
𝑅 𝑏 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑐 ) 𝑅𝑎 ( 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 )
𝑅1 + 𝑅 3 − 𝑅2 − 𝑅 3= −
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐 𝑅 𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐
𝑅 𝑐 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏) (2)
𝑅1 + 𝑅 2=
𝑅𝑐 ( 𝑅 𝑏 − 𝑅𝑎 ) 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
𝑅1 − 𝑅 2= (4)
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
𝑅 𝑎 ( 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 )
(3)
• Adding equation (4) and (2) 𝑅 2+ 𝑅3 =
𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐

𝑅𝑐 ( 𝑅 𝑏 − 𝑅𝑎 ) 𝑅𝑐 ( 𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑏 )
𝑅1 − 𝑅 2+ 𝑅1 + 𝑅 2= +
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 𝑅 𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐
𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐
𝑅1 = (5)
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐
• Subtracting equation (4) from (2) yields
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑐
𝑅 2= (6)
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐
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 Delta to Wye Conversion
• Subtracting eq (5) from (1)
𝑅 𝑏 ( 𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑐 )
𝑅1 + 𝑅 3= (1)
𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏
𝑅 3= (7)
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
𝑅 𝑐 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏) (2)
𝑅1 + 𝑅 2=
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐

𝑅 𝑎 ( 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 )
𝑅 2+ 𝑅3 = (3)
𝑅 𝑎+ 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐

𝑅𝑐 ( 𝑅 𝑏 − 𝑅𝑎 )
𝑅1 − 𝑅 2= (4)
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐

𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐
𝑅1 = (5)
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐

𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑐
𝑅 2= (6)
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐

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 Delta to Wye Conversion
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑐 𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏
𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐 𝑅 3=
𝑅1 = 𝑅 2= 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐

• To transform a network to , we create an extra node .

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 Wye to Delta Conversion
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑐 𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏
𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐 𝑅 3=
𝑅1 = 𝑅 2= 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐

• To obtain the conversion formulas for transforming a wye network to

an equivalent delta network, we note from above equations
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 )
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3 + 𝑅 3 𝑅 1=
( 𝑅 𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 )2
𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3 + 𝑅 3 𝑅 1= (8)
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐
• Dividing equation (8) by equations (5), (6) and (7)
𝑅1 𝑅 2 + 𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅 𝑎= (9)
𝑅1
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3 + 𝑅 3 𝑅 1
𝑅 𝑏= (10)
𝑅2

𝑅1 𝑅 2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3+ 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅 𝑐= (11)
𝑅3

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 Wye to Delta Conversion
• The and networks are said to be balanced when

𝑅1 =𝑅2 = 𝑅3 =𝑅 𝑌 𝑅 𝑎= 𝑅 𝑏=𝑅 𝑐 =𝑅 Δ

• Under these conditions, conversion formulas become

𝑅Δ
𝑅𝑌 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑅 Δ =3 𝑅 𝑌
3

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 Example-8.1
• Obtain the equivalent resistance for the circuit given below and use
it to find .

• Solution: In this circuit, there are two networks and three

networks.
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 Example-8.1
• If we convert the network comprising of , and resistors.
• We may select
𝑅1 =10 Ω 𝑅 2=20 Ω 𝑅 3=5 Ω

𝑅1 𝑅 2 + 𝑅2 𝑅3 + 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅 𝑎= =35 Ω
𝑅1
𝑅1 𝑅2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3 + 𝑅 3 𝑅 1
𝑅 𝑏= =17.5 Ω
𝑅2

𝑅1 𝑅 2 + 𝑅 2 𝑅 3+ 𝑅3 𝑅1
𝑅 𝑐= =70 Ω
𝑅3

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 Example-8.1
• Combining the three pairs of resistors in parallel, we obtain

70 ×30
7 0 ∥ 30= =21 Ω
70 +30

12.5 ×17.5
1 2.5 ∥ 17.5= =7.292 Ω
12.5+17.5

15 × 35
1 5 ∥ 35= =10.5 Ω
15+35

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 Example-8.1
• can be determined as

17.792 × 21
𝑅 𝑎𝑏=( 7 .292+10.5 ) ∥ 21= =9.6 Ω
17.792+21

• Current can be calculated using Ohm’s law

𝑣𝑠
𝑖=
𝑅 𝑎𝑏

120
𝑖= =12.45 𝐴
9.632

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 Example-8.1 (solution-2)
• Now we convert the network comprising of , and resistors.
• We may select
𝑅 𝑎=12.5 Ω 𝑅 𝑏=10 Ω 𝑅 𝑐 =5 Ω

𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐 62.5
𝑅1 = = =2.2 Ω
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 27.5

𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑐 125
𝑅 2= = =4.5 Ω
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅𝑐 27.5

𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏 50
𝑅 3= = =1.8 Ω
𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅 𝑏 + 𝑅 𝑐 27.5

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 Example-8.1 (solution-2)
• and resistors are in series.
𝑅 𝑑𝑐𝑏 =2.27+ 15=17.27 Ω

• Also and resistors are in series.

𝑅 𝑑𝑛𝑏 =1.8+20=19.8 Ω

• and are in parallel

17.27 ×19.8
𝑅 𝑒= =9.2 Ω
17.27+ 19.8

• This resistor is again in series with resistor

𝑅 𝑓 =9.2+ 4.545=13.745 Ω

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 Example-8.1 (solution-2)
• This is again parallel to resistor

13.74 ×30
𝑅 𝑎𝑏= =9.4 Ω
13.74 +30

• Current can be calculated using Ohm’s law

𝑣𝑠
𝑖=
𝑅 𝑎𝑏

120
𝑖= =12.76 𝐴
9.4

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 Exercise Problems
• For the bridge network shown in following figure find equivalent resistance
andcurrent .

• Obtain the equivalent resistance in following circuit.

Answer 142.32 ohms

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To download this lecture visit
http://imtiazhussainkalwar.weebly.com/

END OF LECTURE-8

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