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Lecture 7 Nestedclassespptx

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13 views

Lecture 7 Nestedclassespptx

Uploaded by

keval.vora119988
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 7

Nested Classes
Outcome of the Lecture

Upon completion of this lecture you will be able to

 Understand the concept of nested classes

 Use the different types of nested classes


Outline of the Presentation

 Nested Classes

 Inner Classes

 Local Inner Class

 Anonymous Class

 Static Nested Classes


Nested Classes

 Class within class


 a way of logically grouping classes that are only used in one place
 increases encapsulation
 more readable and maintainable code Nested Classes

class OuterClass { Non static


Static Nested
... Nested Classes
Classes
static class StaticNestedClass { (Inner Classes)
... Inner Classes
} as data
class InnerClass { member
... Local Inner
} Classes
}
Anonymous
Classes
Inner Classes

 An inner class is associated with an instance of its enclosing class


 has direct access to that object's methods and fields
 it cannot define any static members itself
 Objects that are instances of an inner class exist within an instance of the
outer class
 To instantiate an inner class, you must first instantiate the outer class
class OuterClass {
...
class InnerClass {
...
}
}

OuterClass.InnerClass innerObject = outerObject.new InnerClass();


Inner Classes
class Outer { class Outer {
int outer_x = 100; int outer_x = 100;
void test() { class Inner {
Inner inner = new Inner(); void display() {
inner.display(); System.out.println("display: outer_x = " + outer_x);
} }
class Inner { }
void display() { }
System.out.println("display: outer_x = " + outer_x); public class InnerClassDemo {
} public static void main(String args[]) {
} Outer outer = new Outer();
} Outer.Inner obj = outer.new Inner();
class InnerClassDemo { obj.display();
public static void main(String args[]) { }
Outer outer = new Outer(); }
outer.test();
} Can be used in single line as
} Outer.Inner obj = new Outer().new Inner();
Local Inner Classes

Inner class defined within a block as a local member

public class LocalDemo{


void show(){
System.out.println("Outer is invoking inner show() method");
class LocalInner{
void showLocal(){
System.out.println("Local");
}
}
LocalInner localinner = new LocalInner();
localinner.showLocal();
}
public static void main(String ravi[]){
LocalDemo l = new LocalDemo();
l.show();
}
}
Anonymous Inner Classes

 Enable you to declare and instantiate a class at the same time


 local classes except that they do not have a name
 Can be used only once
 Make code more concise
 Anonymous classes are often used in graphical user interface
(GUI) applications

(will be discussed in details in Event Handling)


Static Nested Classes

 As with class methods and variables, a static nested class is


associated with its outer class
 Static nested class cannot refer directly to instance variables
or methods defined in its enclosing class
 It can use them only through an object reference

OuterClass.StaticNestedClass nestedObject = new OuterClass.StaticNestedClass();


Static Nested Classes

class Outer {
int outer_x = 100;
static int outer_y = 200;
static class Inner {
void display() {
Outer o = new Outer();
System.out.println("display: outer_x = " +o.outer_x);
System.out.println("display: outer_x = " + outer_y);
}
}
}
public class StaticClassDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Outer.Inner obj = new Outer.Inner();
obj.display();
}
}

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