Mooring Analysis
Contents
• Introduction
• Mooring Patterns
• Forces acting on moored ships
• Mooring Guidelines for tankers
• Requirement of Mooring Analysis
• Mooring Analysis Software
• Introduction to OPTIMOOR
2
Introduction
• What is Mooring ?
• Principles of Good Mooring
3
4
Mooring Patterns
• Breast Lines
• Spring Lines
• Head and Stern Lines
5
Mooring Angles
• Horizontal Angle
• Vertical Angle
6
Forces Acting on Moored Ship
• Wind
• Current
• Hydrodynamic interference from passing ships
• Ocean or long swell waves
• Tidal rise and fall
• Change in draught or trim
• Ice
7
Wind Force
• As per IS 4651 ( Part III)
F=CwAwP
Cw: shape factor = 1.3 to 1.6
Aw: windage area in m2
Aw= 1.175 Lp ( DM - DL ) ( Perpendicular to ship)
Aw= B( DM - DL ) ( Parallel to ship)
P = wind pressure as per IS 875
• As per BS 6349 (Part I)
FTW = CTW ρA AL VW2 10 -4
FLW = CLW ρA AL VW2 10 -4
8
Force due to Current
• As per IS 4651 ( Part III)
Fc = (Γ Vc2/2g)Ac
Γ : Weight Density of water
Vc : Velocity of current
Ac : Area, BD (For force parallel to ship)
LpD (For force perpendicular to ship)
• As per BS 6349 (Part I)
FTC = CTC CCT ρw LBP dmVc2 *10 -4
FLC = CLC CCL ρw LBP dmVc2 *10 -4
9
Mooring Loads
• for general cargo vessels and bulk carriers
DISPLACEMENT ( Tons ) LINE PULL ( Tons )
2000 10
10 000 30
20 000 60
50 000 80
100 000 100
200 000 150
Greater than 200 000 200
NOTE 1 - For ships of displacement tonnage 50,000 and over, the value of line pulls
given above should be increased by 25 percent at quays and berths where there is a
strong current.
NOTE 2 -Main bollards at the ends of individual large vessel berths at river structures
should be designed for a line pull of 250 tons for ships up to 100 000 tons displacement
and for double the values given above for larger ships. 10
Mooring Guidelines for Tankers
• OCIMF* Guidelines
Standard Environmental Criteria
60 knots wind in any direction simultaneously with
3 knots current at 00 or 1800
or
2 knots current at 100 or 1700
or
0.75 knots from the direction of maximum beam
current loading
*
Oil Companies International Marine Forum
11
Requirement of Mooring Analysis
• Costly damage to cargo handling equipment
or other nearby vessels and structures
• Oil or chemical pollution
• Personnel injuries and fatalities
12
Mooring Analysis Software
Navy
• E-MOOR
• FIXMOOR
• PASS-MOOR
Commercial
• MOSES
• OPTIMOOR - Tension Technology
• AQWA - WS Atkins
• SHIP—MOORINGS – Alkyon
13
Introduction to OPTIMOOR
• Developed by Tension Technology
International
•Case - .OPT
Berth Screen
Vessel Screen
General Environment Screen
Mooring Line screen
Arrangement Screen
14
Thank You
15
16
17
18
19
