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Lesson 1 - Fundamentals of Communication

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Lesson 1 - Fundamentals of Communication

Uploaded by

Danica Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ORAL

COMMUNICATION
First Quarter – First Semester
MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
1. Linear Communication

2. Transactional Communication Model

3. Interactive Communication Model


1. Linear Communication Model
In a linear model of communication, one
person sends a message, and another person
receives it. Therefore, it only moves in one
direction. Linear models typically don't
consider any feedback that the recipient may
send back to the sender.
1. Linear Communication Model
Aristotle’s Model
Aristotle, a great philosopher initiative the
earliest mass communication model called
“Aristotle’s Model of Communication”. He
proposed model before 300 B.C who found the
importance of audience role in communication
chain in his communication model. This model
is more focused on public speaking than
interpersonal communication.
Aristotle’s Model
Aristotle's model of
communication primarily focuses on
the sender (public speaker, professor,
etc.) who passes on their message to
the receiver (the audience).
Aristotle’s Model
2. Transactional Communication Model

The Transaction Model of communication is


defined as an approach that describes the
process by which communicators create
social realities within the contexts of their
cultural, relational, and social surroundings.
2. Transaction Model
• Unlike the Shannon-Weaver model, which is one-way process, the
transaction model is a two-way process with the inclusion of
feedback as one element.
• This model is more interactive.
• There is a collaborative exchange of messages between
communicators with the aim of understanding each other. It also
shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of
communication.
2. Transactional Communication Model
2. Transactional Communication Model
Shannon & Weaver Model
It is known as the “mother of all
models” because of its wide popularity.
The model is also known as 'information
theory' or the 'Shannon theory' because
Claude Shannon was the main person who
developed the theory.
Shannon & Weaver Model

Shannon weaver model is a model


consisting of basic elements such as a
source, encoder, medium, decoder,
receiver, and noise. It describes the
way in which information flows from
a sender to a receiver.
3. Interactive Communication Model

The interactive model of communication


refers to the back-and-forth communication
process that is seen in basic conversations. A
source sends out a message to a receiver,
who then responds to that message with a
reply.
3. Interactive Communication Model

The interaction communication


model is a communication
model that describes two-
way communication.
3. Interactive Communication Model
Schramm’s Communication Model
Schramm's model of
communication includes a feedback loop
and the processes of encoding, decoding,
and interpretation. The success of
communication also depends on the fields
of experience of the participants.
FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
Basically, there are five functions of communication. These are
control, social interaction, motivation, emotional expression, and
information dissemination.

1. Control - Communication functions to control behavior.


2. Social Interaction - Communication allows
individuals to interact with others.
3. Motivation - Communication motivates or encourages
people to live better.
4. Emotional expression - Communication
facilitates people's expression of their feelings and
emotions.
5. Information dissemination - Communication
functions to convey information.
Identify the function of communication in
Activity each of the following situations. Write
your answers on the space provided.
1. The teacher reads and discusses classroom policies
to her students.
2. Ross greets Rachel; then, they start talking about their
plans for the holidays.
3. Phoebe shares her insights on how to live peacefully
despite a complicated life.
4. Monica shares her personal frustrations with Chandler.
5. The geometry teacher lectures about mathematical
concepts.
Identify the function of communication in
Activity each of the following situations. Write
your answers on the space provided.

6. Sheila delivers her valedictory speech


7. The President delivers his last State of the Nation
Address.
8. A television personality thanks the supportive
moviegoers during an interview.
9. The city mayor presents her strategies to execute
the plans in a public forum.
10. A tourist guide orients a group of tourists about a
heritage site.
FEATURES OF AN
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
In their pioneer book Effective Public Relations, Professors Broom,
Cutlip, and Center (2012) list the 7 Cs of Effective Communication.
This list is widely used today, especially in public relations and
advertising.
1. Completeness

• Complete communication is essential to the quality of the


communication process in general.

• Communication should include everything that the


receiver needs to hear for him/her to respond, react, or
evaluate properly.
2. Conciseness
• Conciseness does not mean keeping the message
short, but making it direct or straight to the point.

• Insignificant or redundant information should be


eliminated from the communication that will be sent to
the recipient.
3. Consideration

• To be effective, the speaker should always


consider relevant information about his/her
receiver such as mood, background, race,
preference, education, status, needs, among
others.
4. Concreteness

• Effective communication happens when the message is


concrete and supported by facts, figures and real-life
examples and situations.

• In this case, the receiver is more connected to the


message conveyed.
5. Courtesy

• The speaker shows courtesy in communication by


respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of his/her
receivers.

• Being courteous all the time creates a positive impact


on the audience.
6. Clearness

• Clearness in communication implies the use of simple


and specific words to express ideas.

• It is also achieved when the speaker focuses only on a


single objective in his/her speech so as not to confuse
the audience.
7. Correctness

• Correctness in grammar eliminates negative


impact on the audience and increases the
credibility and effectiveness of the message.
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
There are instances when communication breaks down and
misunderstanding occurs because of certain barriers. To become an
effective communicator, you should recognize these barriers that
hinder the communication process. This will enable you to control
the situation, reset conditions, and start anew.
BARRIER EXAMPLE SOLUTION

You are having a bad day or you feel Recognize these kids of emotions, and politely ask the other
Emotional Barriers frustrated. person to give you a moment so you can relax or calm yourself.
You sit in a meeting or class where Recognize this kids of attitude, reset, and reflect on how you can
you think the speaker is boring. be interested in what the speaker is pointing out.
You are a scientist discussing a Jargon refers to the set of specialized vocabulary in a certain field.
Use of Jargon certain weather phenomenon with To avoid communication breakdown due to lack of clarity, adjust
your neighbour who does not know your language; use layman’s terms or simple words.
much about the topic.
You asked to share something about Develop self-confidence by joining organizations where you can
Lack of Confidence your day or weekend, but you are share and develop your interests. Look for opportunities in your
hesitant because you are shy. school or community that will help you find your strengths and
improve your abilities.
You are having a conversation with Recognizes that noise is a common barrier. Make some
Noisy Environment some friends when a song was adjustments by asking someone to minimize the volume or by
played loudly. looking for a quiet area where you can resume the conversation.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
AND
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication
• It refers to an interaction in which words are used to relay a
message effective and successful verbal communication, use
words to express ideas which can be easily understood by the
person you are talking to.

• Consider appropriateness, brevity, clarity, ethics, and vividness


when engaging in this type of communication.
1. Appropriateness
• The language that you use should be appropriate to the
environment or occasion (ie. whether formal or informal).

2. Brevity
• Speakers who often use simple yet precise and powerful words are
found to be more credible.
• Try to achieve brevity by being more direct with your words.
3. Clarity
• The meanings of words, feelings, or ideas may be interpreted differently by a
listener; hence, it is essential for you to clearly state your message and
express your ideas and feelings.
4. Ethics
• Words should be carefully chosen in consideration of the gender,
roles, ethnicity, preferences, and status of the person or people you
are talking to.
5. Vividness
• Words that vividly or creatively describe things or feelings usually
add color and spice to communication; hence, you are encouraged
to find ways to charm your audience through the use of vivid words.
Nonverbal Communication
• It refers to an interaction where behavior is used to convey and
represent meanings.
• All kinds of human responses that are not expressed in words
are classified as nonverbal communication.
• Examples of nonverbal communication are stares, smiles, tone
of voice, movements, manners of walking, standing and sitting,
appearance, style of attire, attitude towards punctuality and
space, personality, and others.
Mastery of nonverbal communication is important for
several reasons.
1. It enhances and emphasizes the message of your speech, thus making it
more meaningful, truthful, and relevant.
2. It can communicate feelings, attitudes, and perceptions without you saying a
word.
3. It can sustain the attention of listeners and keep them engaged in the
speech.
4. It gives the audience a preview to the type of speaker you are.
5. It makes you appear more dynamic and animated in your delivery.
Mastery of nonverbal communication is important for
several reasons.
6. It serves as a channel to release tension and nervousness.
7. It helps make your speech more dramatic.
8. It can build a connection with listeners.
9. It makes you a credible speaker.
10. It helps you vary your speaking style and avoid a monotonous delivery.

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