WAN Connections

Packet Tracer Lab – VLSM

 Objective
 Create a simulated network topology
using Packet Tracer
 Design an IP addressing scheme using a
Class B subnetwork address and VLSM
 Apply IP addresses to the routers and
workstations in the simulation
 Test the simulated topology to verify IP
connectivity
 Background / Preparation
 You are responsible for designing a network that connects 3
geographically separated sites, each with its own LAN, to the
corporate headquarters for access to the Web Server. The connection
will be made through a Cloud representing an ISP / Internet network
connection at each site. You will configure IP addresses to the border
routers represented by the cloud. The service provider has assigned a
portion of a class B network address (1,024 addresses) to work with
and must make the best use of the address space while minimizing
wasted addresses. To accomplish this you will develop an IP
addressing scheme using Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM) to
allocate IP addresses to the LANs and WAN links in the network. You
will apply the addresses to the routers and workstations in the
simulated network and then test to ensure that it works.
 Cont….
 Routers simulated with Packet Tracer use RIP version 2 to find
routes to remote networks automatically. A router advertises all
networks that its ports belong to, which is specified by the IP
address and subnet mask. RIP version 2 supports VLSM. RIP keeps
a routing table of remote networks. The routing table associates a
network (network ID and subnet mask or network bits) to the port
that is closest to the network. A router can have one default port.
 A Cloud simulated with Packet Tracer has multiple borders. Each
border is a WAN port that has an IP address. The cloud provides the
DCE clocking for each of its border interfaces by default. A cloud
does not have a default port. All other cloud functions are identical
to router functions.
Step 1. Design an IP Addressing Scheme
Using VLSM
 Starting with the Class B subnetwork address of
172.16.8.0/22, create subnets to allocate IP
addresses to the Ethernet LANs and WAN links
in the network topology shown above. The
requirements for the number of addresses are
listed in the table below. Use VLSM to
minimize wasted IP addresses. Assume ip
subnet-zero is enabled and that the first subnet
(all zeros) and last subnet (all ones) can be used.
 Cont….
 As a general rule it is best to first allocate subnets to the
networks with the largest number of required addresses
starting from the lowest subnet number and working up.
Ethernet networks will require more IP addresses than
WAN links. Be sure to minimize the number of addresses
used on the WAN links and allocate WAN subnets
starting at the highest subnet. Document your VLSM
subnet design using the table below. You will use these
subnet address ranges to assign interface addresses to the
routers and workstations in the scenario.
 Step 2. Create the Basic Topology
 Open the Packet Tracer application to begin creating the
simulated topology. The topology consists of 4 routers
interconnected through the cloud by WAN serial links. A single
workstation on each LAN represents the group of IP addresses
required as indicated in the table in step 1. The connection
between the workstations and routers is assumed to be a switch
or hub.
 Place the routers in the topology and rename a router From the
Topology Tab, click and drag a Router icon to the workspace
and click again to paste it in position. Repeat this until the four
routers shown in the diagram are present. You may also double
click the router icon and then click 4 times to paste multiple
icons in the workspace. Click the Cancel icon in the lower right
corner when finished or to abort an operation. The four routers
are initially named Router 0, Router 1, Router 2 and Router
 Place the workstations in the topology and rename a PC
From the Topology Tab, click and drag a PC icon to the
workspace and click to paste it in position. Repeat this
until the four PCs shown in the diagram are present. You
may also double click the PC icon and then click 4 times
to paste multiple icons in the workspace. Click the Cancel
icon in the lower right corner when finished. The four PCs
are initially named PC 0, PC 1, PC 2 and PC 3. Change
the name of PC 3 to Web Server. When a PC is directly
connected to a router in Packet Tracer, as shown in the
diagram, the existence of a hub or switch is assumed.
 Step 3. Connect the Networking
Devices
 Note: By default, each Packet Tracer router has 4
Ethernet and 2 Serial ports numbered as shown in the
figure below. Ports 0 and 1 are RJ-45 Fast Ethernet, ports
2 and 3 are D-Connector type Serial and ports 4 and 5
are Fiber Fast Ethernet. In the figure below Serial Port 2
is selected with the Port Config options displayed. This
port is enabled (status=on or not shut down), bandwidth
is 1.544 Mbps and DCE clocking is disabled. In the
example below, an IP address and subnet mask have been
entered. Ports can be added or removed as desired.
 Create the WAN Links Click on the Connect lightning bolt
icon to create the WAN Link between router 0 and the
Cloud. When the Connect icon is selected in Simple Mode
it does not prompt for the connection type and it is not
necessary to select the port to use. For router-to-router
connections, the next available Ethernet port is used by
default. For router-to-cloud connections the default is the
next available Serial port. Repeat this process for the WAN
connection to the Cloud for Routers 1, 2 and Corp. It is not
necessary to set the clock for any of the routers since the
cloud interfaces already default to DCE.
 Create the LAN Links While in Simple Mode,
click on the Connect lightning bolt icon.
Select first Router 0 and then PC 0 to create
the LAN Link between them. Repeat this
process for the other routers and PCs. The
Interface status indicator dots between routers
and PCs should all be green. The existence of
a hub or switch between a router and PC is
assumed.
 Step 4. Configure IP Addresses on the
Routers and Workstations
 Assign Router and Cloud IP Addresses Select Router 0
and click on Ethernet Port 0. Enter an IP Address and
subnet mask for the LAN interface from the VLSM
subnet scheme developed in step 1. Next select Serial
Interface 2 and enter an IP Address and subnet mask for
the WAN interface. Repeat this process to assign IP
addresses and subnet masks as appropriate for the LAN
and WAN interfaces of the other three routers. Assign IP
addresses and subnet masks to the four cloud ports. Use
the table below to record your IP addresses for the router
and cloud interfaces.
 Assign Workstation IP Addresses Select PC 0.
Ethernet Port 0 should be the only port available.
Enter an IP Address and subnet mask for the PC from
the VLSM subnet scheme developed in step 1. Next
enter the IP address of the Gateway. This is the IP
address of the Router 0 Ethernet LAN interface.
Repeat this process to assign IP addresses, subnet
masks and gateways as appropriate for the other PCs.
 Frame Relay
 Frame Relay is a layer two protocol that connects
networks over long distances.
This part is different from the real world because in the real world you'd just
be given a DLCI number and be on your marry way. We are fortunate enough
today to be able to configure the cloud as well. To do so follow the below
steps.
A.) Drag a WAN Emulation onto the topology
B.) Click on the Cloud icon & select the Config tab
The next few steps show in detail how to configure the connections and DLCI
numbers.
A.) Select the Serial 0 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started.
B.) Next Create the DLCI for the R0 to R1 connection
C.) Type 102 for the DLC and R0-R1 for the Name and click Add
Since R0 is the Hub router we need to create another DLCI for R2
A.) Select the Serial 0 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started.
B.) Next Create the DLCI for the R0 to R2 connection
C.) Type 103 for the DLC and R0-R2 for the Name and click Add
A.) Select the Serial 1 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started.
B.) Next Create the DLCI for the R1 to R0 connection
C.) Type 201 for the DLC and R1-R0 for the Name and click Add
A.) Select the Serial 2 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started.
B.) Next Create the DLCI for the R2 to R0 connection
C.) Type 301 for the DLC and R2-R0 for the Name and click Add
Now we'll make all the DLCI connections in the cloud so it knows where to route traffic to
based on the DLCI IDs.
A.) Select the Frame Relay in the left panel
B.) For the first connection set the following
Serial0 R0-R1 Serial1 R1-R0 and click Add
C.) Next set R2s connection
Serial0 R0-R2 Serial2 R2-R0 and click Add
R0 Config for being the HUB
Say no to auto configuration
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname R0
R0(config)#interface Serial 2/0
R0(config-if)#no shutdown
R0(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R0(config-if)#exit
R0(config)#interface Serial 2/0.102 point-to-point
R0(config-subif)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
R0(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102
R0(config-subif)#exit
R0(config)#interface Serial 2/0.103 point-to-point
R0(config-subif)#ip address 1.1.1.5 255.255.255.252
R0(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 103
Say no to auto configuration
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface Serial 2/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface Serial 2/0.201 point-to-point
R1(config-subif)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 201
Say no to auto configuration
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface Serial 2/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface Serial 2/0.301 point-to-point
R2(config-subif)#ip address 1.1.1.6 255.255.255.252
R2(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 301
 Add Static Routes

 Router1
 R1(config)#ip route 172.16.8.2
255.255.255.0 172.16.10.129
 Router2
 R2(config)#ip route 172.16.10.130
255.255.255.192 172.16.10.193
 Step 5. Test the IP Addressing VLSM
Scheme
 Click on the Simulation Tab and click on the Add Packet button
which has a Plus (+) sign and a small envelope next to it. A packet
will display on the timeline that says “defining” next to it.
 Click on source PC 0 and then click on the destination Web
Server. The timeline window should show a colored packet with
“PC 0 >> Web Server” next to it.
 Click on the blue right arrow button in the white square of the
player controls shown in the figure above to simulate a ping. This
will send the packet from PC 0 to the Web Server and test IP
connectivity. The packet should pass through all devices in the
path and reach the Web Server. A green check mark will display
on the Web Server if the ping is successful.
 To complete the testing, click on the Add
Packet icon again and test connectivity from
PC 1 to the Web Server. Add a third packet
and test from PC 2 to the Web Server. Each
new packet will be assigned a different color.
Also send packets from PC 0 to PC 1 and PC
2. Click on the New button if you wish to
start a new series of packets.
 If the pings are not successful, troubleshoot
the IP addressing scheme and
addresses/subnet masks assigned to ensure
that they are compatible.