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22 views11 pages

Amd Presentation

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6pwnhqvm85
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Xavier Joao Mpete

35045523
PASSIVE
TREATMENT
SYSTEMS FOR
ACID MINE
DRAINAGE
(AMD)
Omsg611: Environmental
geochemistry.
DEFINITIONS
Acid mine drainage (AMD) – discharge of acidic water (rich in
metals) (Kuyucak, 2002).
Passive treatment systems – use sulphate reducing bacteria
or limestone (Skousen et al.,2017).

https://www.perfectwater.co.za/acid-mine-drainage/.
SOURCES OF ACID MINE DRINAGE
Mine rock dumps (A)

Tailings (B)

Underground and open pit mine workings


https://www.acidmetalliferousdrainage.
Pumped/nature discharged underground water com/waste-rock-pile-construction/
.
B
Construction rock used in roads

dams
(Akcil & Koldas, 2006)
https://ce.gatech.edu/news/new-research-
center-will-study-mine-tailings-and-industri
al-waste
MAIN CAUSE & FORMATION PROCESS OF
ACID MINE DRINAGE
 Sulphide mineral
oxidation – primarily
pyrite (FeS2) exposure
to oxygen (O2) and
water (H2O) –
undergoes a 2 step
oxidation (McCarthy,
2011).
 Step 1: FeS2 + 7/2 O2
+ H2O → FeSO4 +
H2SO4
 Step 2: 4 FeSO4 + O2
(Yuan et al., 2022)
+ 6 H2O → 4 Fe(OH)3 +
4 H2SO4
IMPACTS OF ACID MINE
DRINAGE
 Water pollution (Water quality degradation) -
AMD releases acidic water into streams, rivers, and
groundwater.
 Aquatic ecosystem damage – AMD kills fish,
invertebrates & other aquatic organisms
(reproduction & growth).
 Habitat destruction – AMD destroys habitats
(plants & animals) in and around affected water
bodies (Dead zones).
 Bioaccumulation & Biomagnification - AMD https://www.wlf.org/2020/08/06/wlf-legal-pu
lse/update-epa-settles-suit-by-utah-over-mas
often carries high concentrations of heavy metals sive-gold-king-mine-waste-spill/
(Fe, Al, Mn, Zn & Cu). .
 Impact on infrastructure – AMD can corrode
infrastructure
(McCarthy, 2011)(Bridges & pipelines).
GEOGRAPHICAL DRITRIBUTION OF AMD IN
SOUTH AFRICA

(Mhlongo & Amponsah-Dacosta, 2016)


PASSIVE TREATMENT SYSTEMS FOR AMD
 Aerobic wetlands – simplest type – limited –  Anoxic Limestone Drains (ALD) – treat acidic
waters – limestone filled trenches – capped with
treats mildly acidic or net alkaline waters (high Fe) clay or compacted soil.

 Anaerobic wetlands – modified aerobic


 Vertical flow system (SAPS) – combine
wetlands – remove acid-soluble metals (Fe & Al) anaerobic wetlands & ALDs treatment
& produce alkalinity. mechanisms.

 Open Limestone Channels – employed where


AMD must be conveyed over some distance
( Zipper & Skousen, 2014)
PTS ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1. No electrical power needed. 1. May complicate discharge permits unless


action is taken under the CERCLA.
2. No mechanical equipment, hazardous 2. May fail to achieve severe water quality
chemicals, or buildings. standards.
3. No daily operation or maintenance. 3. Could fail due to poor design or harsh winter
conditions.
4. More natural & aesthetic in their appearance, 4. There have been both failures and successes.
may support plants and wildlife.
5. Less expensive.

(Ford, 2003)
CONCLUSIONS
• Passive Treatment Systems – most
widely used treatment systems for
AMD treatment (Zipper & Skousen,
2014).
• Passive Treatment Systems –
capable of enhancing water quality
(Skousen et al., 2017).
Thank You

• Xavier Joao Mpete


• [email protected]
REFERENCES
• Akcil, A. & Koldas, S. 2006. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): causes, treatment and case studies.
Journal of cleaner production, 14(12-13), pp.1139-1145.
• Ford, K.L. 2003. Passive treatment systems for acid mine drainage.
• Kuyucak, N. 2002. Acid mine drainage prevention and control options. CIM bulletin, pp.96-102.
• McCarthy, T.S. 2011. The impact of acid mine drainage in South Africa. South African Journal of
Science, 107(5), pp.1-7.
• Mhlongo, S.E. & Amponsah-Dacosta, F. 2016. A review of problems and solutions of abandoned
mines in South Africa. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 30(4),
pp.279-294.
• Skousen, J., Zipper, C.E., Rose, A., Ziemkiewicz, P.F., Nairn, R., McDonald, L.M. & Kleinmann, R.L.
2017. Review of passive systems for acid mine drainage treatment. Mine Water and the
Environment, 36, pp.133-153.
• Yuan, J., Ding, Z., Bi, Y., Li, J., Wen, S. & Bai, S. 2022. Resource utilization of acid mine drainage
(AMD): A review. Water, 14(15), p.2385.
• Zipper, C. & Skousen, J. 2014. Passive treatment of acid mine drainage. Acid mine drainage, rock
drainage, and acid sulfate soils: Causes, assessment, prediction, prevention, and remediation,
pp.339-353.

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