OPTICAL FIBRE
COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
An optical fibre is a thin, flexible, transparent fibre which is
hollow from inside or acts as a waveguide which is made up of
generally glass or plastic, which is used to transmit information
such as voice, data or video from the source to destination by
light beam.
Basically, It works on the principle of Total Internal Reflection
(TTR).
So, when light enters into the fibre, it undergoes successive TTR (Total Internal
Reflection) from the side wall of the waveguide and travel down through out the length
of the fibre.
Fig :Total Internal Reflection in optical fibre
Basically Optical Fibre is preferred over metal wires cable ( copper wires) because in
the this we get higher bandwidth (data rates), long distance communication range with
less signal distortion/loss. That’s why we generally preferred Optical fibre cable over
Metal wires.
EVOLUTION OF FIBRE OPTICS
First Generation
In first generation of light wave system uses GaAs semiconductor laser.
Bit rate – 45 Mb/s
Repeater spacing/ Range – 10 km
Second Generation
• Bit rate – 100 Mb/s to 1.7 Gb/s
• Range – 50 km
Third Generation
• Bit rate – 10 Gb/s
• Range – 100 km
Fourth Generation
• Bit rate – 10 Tb/s
• Range – >10000 km
Fifth Generation
• Bit rate – 40 to 160 Tb/s
• Range – 24000 to 35000 km
• Fifth generation uses WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) Technique.
OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Basic block diagram of optical fibre communication system consist of following important blocks :-
(i) Transmitter
(ii) Information Channel
(iii) Receiver
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
Fibre Optic Cable consist four parts :-
(i). Core :- It’s main function is to transmit the light.
The light travelling within the core reflects from the
the core and the cladding boundary.
(ii). Cladding :- The middle region is called as Cladding.
It’s main function is to keep the light within core Fig :- Cross Sectional view of optical fibre cable
or it can reflect the light back into the core.
(iii). Buffer :- The main function of buffer is to protect the fibre
(i.e. core, cladding) from damage.
(iv). Jacket :- It is the outermost covering of optical cable which can
contains hundreds of optical wires.
Fig :- OFC Cable
ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBRE
Bigger bandwidth
Longer distance
Faster speed
Greater security (i.e. less signal distortion)
DISADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL FIBRE
High investment cost.
Need for more expensive optical transmitters and receivers and so on.
Thank You
