A Prelude to Organizational
Behaviour
Organizational Behaviour (OB)
Text Book: Organisational Behaviour by K. Aswathappa Compiled & Presented By:
(12th Revised Edition) Anuj Sharma
Pre-Class Reading – Chapter 1 Presented to the students of Tolani-Motwane Institute of
Management Studies
2 What are Organizations?
Organizations are groups of people who work independently
towards some purpose.
Organizations are not physical structures
They are people who work together to achieve a set of shared
goals
People who work in organizations have structured patterns of
interactions
They expect each other to complete certain tasks in an organized
way *Exam Note: Winter
2014 (1 Mark)
Why do Organizations Exist?
3
4 Definition & Meaning of OB?
OB is the study of human behaviour;
The study is about behaviour in organizations
Knowledge about human behaviour would be useful in improving
an organization’s effectiveness.
5 Meaning of OB?
OB is the study of human behaviour in organizational settings, of
the interface between human behaviour and the organization
and of the organization itself.
6 Definition of OB?
OB refers to the behaviour of individuals and groups within
organizations and the interaction between organizational members
and their external environments
7 Foundations of OB (Basic Assumptions)
There are differences between individuals
A whole person
Behaviour of an individual is caused
An individual has dignity
Organizations are social systems
Mutuality of interest among organizational members
Holistic organizational behaviour
Need for management
8 Functions of Management
9 Functions of Management
Planning
Where the organization should be in future
Establishes strategies to reach the destination
Other functions – organising, leading and controlling are derivatives of
planning function
All managers at every level of organization engage in planning
Plans give them the goal and the actions needed to reach that objective
10 Functions of Management
Organising
After plans have been developed, managers must design and develop an
organization that helps them accomplish the objectives
Creates a structure of task & authority relationships that give a practical
shape to all the functions of the management
Accommodates changing needs of the organization
11 Functions of Management
Leading
Leading is motivating people to achieve organizational objectives
Creating a shared culture and values
Communicating goals to employees
Infusing them with the desire to perform at higher levels
Motivating entire departments and divisions
As well as those individuals working closely with the managers
Quality of leadership need not only be in the top executive of the
organization
At every level and in all the human beings
A janitor making his juniors do a better job of sweeping is as much a leader as the CEO who
inspires his or her followers for better performance
12 Functions of Management
Controlling
Controlling ensures that the actual performance of the organization
conforms with what was planned
Typically involves monitoring employees’ activities
It determines whether the organization is on the Right Track towards its
goals
It helps in making corrections if necessary
Importance of OB (Why study OB?)
Road map to our lives in organizations
Helps us understand and predict organizational life
Influences events in organizations
Helps understand self and others better
Helps a manager get things done better
Helps maintain cordial relations
Highly useful in the field of marketing
Helps in career planning and development
Adds to the bottom-line of an organization
Helps sustain the tempo of economic growth
*Exam Note: Summer 2011 (3.5 Marks)
Summer 2014 (7 Marks)
Limitations of OB
Knowledge about OB does not help an individual manage personal
life better
Dualities of OB are baffling
Has become a fad with managers
Is selfish and exploitative
Managers expect quick-fix solutions-not possible
Principles and practices may not work in the events of declining
fortunes
Cannot eliminate totally conflict and frustration
*Exam Note: Summer 2011 (3.5 Marks)
Summer 2013 (7 Marks)
Major Disciplines and their Contributions to the field of OB
Summer 2015 (1
Mark)
*Exam Note: Winter
Summer 2015 (1 2011 (7 Marks)
Mark) Winter 2012 (7 Marks)
Summer 2013 (6 Marks)
Winter 2016 (7 Marks)
Approaches to the Study of OB
17 Approaches to the study of OB
Human Research Approach
This approach recognizes the fact that people are the central resource in any
organization
They should be developed towards higher levels of competency, creativity
and fulfilment
People thus developed will contribute to the success of the organization
This is also called the Supportive Approach
Manager’s role changes from control of employees to active support to
their growth and performance
18 Approaches to the study of OB
Organiza
Contingency Approach The
tional one
This approach assumes that there is no “One Best Way” available in any
organization
problems
Situations and outcomes are contingent on, or influenced by other variables
best
or
situations way of
determin respond
Universal Approach Vs. Contingency Approach
e
Organizational
problems or
situations must be
Elements of the
situation, which
ingContingent ways of
responding
evaluated in terms then suggest…
of…
Approaches to the study of OB
19
Systems Approach
Managers should not become passive spectators of organizational systems
They have to transform system elements to achieve goals within a dynamic
environment
Managers need to work with people and allocate resources to carry-out tasks
within an environment of change
20 Approaches to the study of OB
Productivity Approach
Productivity is the ratio of output to input
It is a measure of an organization’s effectiveness
Reveals the manager’s efficiency in optimising resource utilisation
Eg: If better OB can improve job satisfaction, a human output or benefit
occurs
21 Approaches to the study of OB
Interactionalism Approach
Relatively new approach
Interactional Psychology
Individual behaviour results from a continuous and multidirectional
interaction between characteristics of a person and of the situation
Individual
Behaviour
Situation
22 The Model of OB
Individual behaviour comprises of such aspects as personality,
perceptions, attitudes, learning and motivation
Group behaviour covers such topics as group dynamics, leadership,
power & politics, communication and conflict
Study of organizations include the nature of organizations and
organizational change and development
*Exam Note: Winter
2013 (7 Marks)
23 The Model of OB
Individual behaviour will influence and is influenced by group
behaviour
Group behaviour has impact on behaviour of organizations
Cumulative effect of all these behaviours is felt on organizational
effectiveness
Which in turn has impact on individual, group and organizational
behaviours
24 The Model of OB
Personality
Intelligence
Perception Individual
Learning Behaviour
Attitudes & Attributes
Motivation
Management & Managers
Group Dynamics
Team Dynamics
Leadership Group Organizational
Power & Politics Behaviour Effectiveness
Communication
Conflict
Decision Making
Organizational Culture
Human Resource Policies &
Practices Organizational
Work Stress Behaviour
Organizational Change &
Development
25 Thank You!!!
Grazie
Gracias
Domo Arigato
Merci
Danke
Obrigado
Mahalo
शुक्रिया
