UNDERTAKE
AGRONOMIC
WORK AS
DIRECTED
HARVESTING
OF RICE
Harvesting of rice is
very important to
obtain the best
quality and maximum
yield from the crop.
Vocabulary Lists
Harvesting - the
process of cutting
and collecting the
mature rice crop
Vocabulary Lists
Threshing - the
process of
separating rice
grains from the
panicle
Vocabulary Lists
Drying - the reduction
of moisture content
from newly harvested
Rice grain to a desired
moisture content.
Vocabulary Lists
Storing - the process of
keeping the grains for
future use.
Milling - the removal of
hulls and bran from rice
grain to produce polished
or white rice
Vocabulary Lists
Moisture Content- the
condition of dryness of a
grain
ACCRONYM
MC - Moisture Content
Our definite goal then is
to maximize our yield
and minimize grain
losses.
Correct timing of
harvesting
prevent crop losses
-rats and birds
Lodging
Shattering due to
strong wind
Too early harvesting
will result in higher
percentage of unfilled or
immature grains
higher grain breakage
lower milling recovery.
Too late harvesting
excessive grain
shattering losses
increased
breakage of rice.
Best time to harvest
80-85 percent of the grains
turned yellow
Grain moisture content
ideally is between 20-25%
Best time to harvest
In dry season harvest,
28 - 35 days after
heading
In wet season harvest,
32 - 38 days after
heading.
Methods of
Harvesting Rice
Methods of Harvesting Rice
1. Manual is the method of
harvesting rice with the use
of sickle and scythe.
2. Mechanical is the method
of harvesting rice with the
use of a reaper or combine
harvesters.
Methods of Harvesting Rice
1. Manual is the
method of
harvesting rice
with the use of
sickle and scythe.
Methods of Harvesting Rice
1. Manual is the
method of
harvesting rice
with the use of
sickle and
scythe.
Methods of Harvesting Rice
2. Mechanical
is the method
of harvesting
rice with the
use of a reaper
or combine
harvesters.
Things to remember
in harvesting rice
Harvest at the
right time and
moisture content
(20-25% MC).
Things to remember
in harvesting rice
Avoid delays in
threshing after
harvesting,
Things to remember
in harvesting rice
Use the proper
machine in
threshing.
Things to remember
in harvesting rice
Clean the grain
properly after
threshing.
Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Common Harvesting
System
METHOD ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Manual • Efficient • High labor
harvesting • Most cost, skill
effective in dependent
and • Susceptible to
threshing lodged crop
grain damage
• Less weather •
dependent Winnowing/clea
ning necessary
METHOD ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
2. Manual • More effective • Higher capital
in wet season cost
harvesting harvest, wet • Dependency
and crop conditions on availability
threshing/ • Higher of contractor
capacity than • Less dependent
cleaning by manual on field size
machine • Lower labor
requirements
METHOD ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
3. Standard • High output,
• Higher
timelines attained
combine • Produces clean cost
harvest grain
• Spread straw • Less
back in the field, effective in
which will ensure a
good source of partially
organic material to
the farm.
lodged crop
THRESHING
Threshing
- the process of
separating rice
grains from the
panicle
Guidelines for Threshing
1. After harvesting, thresh
the rice immediately.
2. Threshing can be
performed manually or
mechanically.
Guidelines for Threshing
3. In treading by feet, rice
grains spread on the threshing
floor is trampled upon by
human feet.
Guidelines for Threshing
4. In animal treading the
harvested rice is laid around a
stake or pole with the panicles
toward the stake. A team of
animals (carabao, cow) is driven
slowly around the stake to trample
the grain off the straw.
Guidelines for Threshing
animal treading
Guidelines for Threshing
5. In flail treading, grain separation is
done by beating the paddy with a stick
or hinged device called flail.
Guidelines for Threshing
5. In flail treading, grain separation is
done by beating the paddy with a stick
or hinged device called flail.
Guidelines for Threshing
6. Another method is through the impact of rice
heads beaten against a solid object (hampasan
method). The method can thresh 20-60 kg of palay
per person per hour.
Guidelines for Threshing
7. Using mechanical thresher which could be
drawn by a carabao or a tractor in a muddy field
powered by a diesel engine . Be sure to lay plastic
sheet in the area to minimize grain losses.
Guidelines for Threshing
8. Using the combine harvester, it could
finish harvesting and at the same time
threshing with a minimum of 3 hectares per
day.
Factors to consider in choosing the
appropriate system of threshing:
a. availability of labor
b. capital outlay of the
farm
c. timeliness of
harvesting
Factors to consider in choosing the
appropriate system of threshing:
d. field layout and field
accessibility (combine
harvester requires a certain
field layout and access)
e. rice variety (some
varieties are more prone to
lodging)
Factors to consider in choosing the
appropriate system of threshing:
f. demand for quality rice
g. demand for straw
(some threshers
damage the straw
making it less
available).
Grain Cleaning
Grain Cleaning
is the removal of
unwanted materials
from the grain
Methods of
cleaning rice
1. Winnowing
Lighter materials such as
unfilled grains, chaffs, weed
seeds, and straws can be
removed from the grain by
using a blower, air fan, or
by wind. Recover only the
heavier grains.
2. Screening/sifting
Using sifter or a net smaller material
such as weed seeds and stones can
be removed by sieving the grain
through a smaller sized screen
3. Blowing
Using the thresher or
mechanical blower to clean
the rice grains and using its
blower to remove all unfilled
grains, weed seeds, and
chaff.
