BVC ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Course
Title
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Instructor
RAHUL KUMAR SINGH Details
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
BVC Engineering College
Email: [email protected]
 Course Outcomes

At the end of the Course, Student will be able to:

CO 1 : Identify the Disaster Concepts to Management

CO 2 :explain the concepts of Development and Disasters

CO 3 :analyse the disaster impacts

CO4 : plan the disaster risk reduction.

CO 5: Discuss about the disasters,environment and development

 Course Contents

UNIT I : Introduction to Disaster

UNIT II : Development and Disasters

UNIT III: Disaster Impacts

UNIT IV: Disaster Risk Reduction

UNIT V : Disasters, Environment and Development

 Text Books

1. Disaster Risk Reduction in South Asia, Pradeep Sahni,

2004, Prentice Hall.

2. Handbook of Disaster Management: Techniques &

Guidelines, Singh B.K., 2008, Rajah Publication
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
It is defined as a continuous and integrated multi-sectorial,

multidisciplinary process of planning and implementation of measures

aimed at prevention , mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery

of disaster
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
CYCLE
• Terminology
• Acceptable risk: The level of potential losses that a society or
community considers acceptable given existing social, economic,
political, cultural, technical and environmental conditions.
• Capacity: The combination of all the strengths, attributes and
resources available within a community, society or organization
that can be used to achieve agreed goals.
• Capacity development: The process by which people,
organizations and society systematically stimulate and develop
their capacities over time to achieve social and economic goals,
including through improvement of knowledge, skills, systems, and
institutions.
• Climate change: (a) The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) defines climate change as: “a change in the state of the climate
that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the
mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an
extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be
due to natural internal processes or external forcings, or to persistent
anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land
use”. (b) The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) defines climate change as “a change of climate which is
attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the
composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to
natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods”.
• Contingency planning: A management process that analyses specific
potential events or emerging situations that might threaten society or
the environment and establishes arrangements in advance to enable
timely, effective and appropriate responses to such events and
situations.
• Coping capacity: The ability of people, organizations and systems, using available skills and
resources, to face and manage adverse conditions, emergencies or disasters.
• Critical facilities: The primary physical structures, technical facilities and systems which are
socially, economically or operationally essential to the functioning of a society or community,
both in routine circumstances and in the extreme circumstances of an emergency.
• Disaster risk: The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and
services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future
time period. Disaster risk management: The systematic process of using administrative
directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies
and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the
possibility of disaster.
• Disaster risk reduction: The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic
efforts, to analyse and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced
exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land
and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events. Early warning system:
The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning
information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to
prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.
Emergency management: The organization and management of resources and responsibilities
for addressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial
recovery steps.
• Emergency services: The set of specialized agencies that have specific
responsibilities and objectives in serving and protecting people and
property in emergency situations.
• Environmental degradation: The reduction of the capacity of the
environment to meet social and ecological objectives and needs.
• Environmental impact assessment: Process by which the
environmental consequences of a proposed project or programme are
evaluated, undertaken as an integral part of planning and decision-
making processes with a view to limiting or reducing the adverse
impacts of the project or programme.
• Forecast: Definite statement or statistical estimate of the likely
occurrence of a future event or conditions for a specific area.
• Hazard: A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage.
 Disaster management
• Mitigation: Measures put in place to minimize the results
from a disaster.
Examples: building codes and zoning; vulnerability
analyses; public education.
• Preparedness: Planning how to respond.
Examples: preparedness plans; emergency
exercises/training; warning systems.
• Response: Initial actions taken as the event takes place. It
involves efforts to minimize the hazards created by a
disaster.
Examples: evacuation; search and rescue; emergency
relief.
• Recovery: Returning the community to normal. Ideally, the
affected area should be put in a condition equal to or better
than it was before the disaster took place.
Examples: temporary housing; grants; medical care.
• Mitigation: The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards
and related disasters. Natural hazard: Natural process or phenomenon that
may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage,
loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
• Preparedness: The knowledge and capacities developed by governments,
professional response and recovery organizations, communities and
individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the
impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions.
Prevention: The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and
related disasters. Public awareness: The extent of common knowledge
about disaster risks, the factors that lead to disasters and the actions that
can be taken individually and collectively to reduce exposure and
vulnerability to hazards.
• Recovery: The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of
facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities,
including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.
• Response: The provision of emergency services and public assistance during
or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts,
ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people
affected.
• Retrofitting: Reinforcement or upgrading of existing structures to become
more resistant and resilient to the damaging effects of hazards.
• Risk: The combination of the probability of an event and its negative
consequences.
• Sustainable development: Development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.
• Vulnerability: The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system
or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
• Introduction – the concept of disaster management
• Disaster – noun -- a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes
great damage or loss of life.
Similar words for disaster –
catastrophe contretemps woe
calamity stroke of ill luck distress
cataclysm problem casualty
tragedy difficulty bale
act of God heavy blow mishandle
holocaust shock
accident buffet
mishap adversity
misadventure trouble
mischance misfortune
setback ruin
reversal ruination
reverse of fortune tribulation
• Hazard - Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or
damage to people and their environment.
• “A hazard is natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A hazard is
perceived natural event which threatens both life and property……
• A disaster is a realization of this hazard.”
-John Whittow
• When hazard involves elements of risks,vulnerabilities and capacities, they
can turn into disasters.
• Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be prevented.
India’s Vulnerability for disaster by land
 Impacts of
i) Drought
Water level
The inadequate rainfall had a severe impact on drinking water situation
and 83 talukas were facing drinking water problem.
ii) Women and Children
• The women and children were affected adversely from the point of
view of their nutritional level and basic food requirements.
• The expecting, and lactating mothers were the worst sufferers and
so were the aged and children.
• It was reported that 6436 pregnant women and children were
directlyaffected by the drought in Gujarat.
 Impacts of
iii)Drought
Liive stock
There was acute shortage of fodder due to the erratic rainfall. Out of 72
lakh cattle, over 50 lakh cattle were affected
iv) Employment
The labour force, which was dependent on agriculture, that is farmers
and traditional artisans suffered due to reduced employment
opportunities in regular work
vi) Development
• The economy of Gujarat is mainly dependent on agriculture and
industrial activities. Two-third of the population on earns livelihood
directly from agriculture.
• Due to the drought condition, 1 1,79,661 famers families were
affected.
 Drought Management
i) Drought: Forecasting and Warning System
ii) Drought: Relief Measures
district-wise Master-Plans provide employment
Food for Work
Cash doles
As per policy, the adult beneficiaries were provided cash doles of Rs. 10- per day,
children Rs. 5/- per day and expected women Rs. 20/- per day.
Drinking Water
iii) Programme Schemes for Drought Management
DPAP - Drought Prone Area IWDP - Integrated Wasteland Development Programme
Programme DDP - Desert Development EAS - Employment Assurance Scheme
Programme
Prevention and Mitigation steps

i) Construct Rain water

harvesting installations
in drought-prone
areas
ii) Construct water
purification systems
iii) and storage systems
Fund local community
to arrange water
harvesting system
Prevention and Mitigation steps
Stage 1. Mitigation
• Structural mitigation
Construction projects which reduce economic and social impacts
i.e. dams,
windbreaks,
terracing and
hazard
resistant
• Non-structural activities
buildings.
Policies and practices which raise awareness of hazards or
encourage developments to reduce the impact of disasters
Stage 1. Mitigation
Stage 1. Mitigation
Stage 2. Preparedness

Preparedness measures include:

I. Preparedness plans
II. Emergency exercises/training
III. Warning systems
IV. Emergency communications
systems
V. Evacuations plans and training
VI. Resource inventories Emergency
VII. personnel/contact list.
VIII. Mutual aid agreements
IX. Public information/education