Simple circuit analysis – Voltage and Current

division principle
Dr V Velmurugan
Associate Professor, SENSE
 Series & parallel
• Series:
– Two or more elements are in series if they are cascaded or connected sequentially and consequently carry the same current.
• parallel:
– Two or more elements are in parallel if they are connected to the same two nodes and consequently have the same voltage
across them.
 Series resistors and voltage division
V  V1  V2 ( KVL)

V1  i  R1 ; V2  i  R2 (Ohms Law)

V  V1  V2  i  R1   i  R2 

V  V1  V2  i  R1  R2 
V V
V1  R V2   R2
i
V R1  R2  1 R1  R2 
R1  R2 
V
Voltage across a resistor Rx in a series circuit with n resistors Vx  n
 Rx
R
i 1
i

n
Equivalent resistance of a series circuit with n resistors, REq REq   Ri
i 1
 Parallel resistors and current division
i  i1  i2 ( KCL )

V  i1  R1  i2  R2 (Ohms Law)

V V
i  i1  i2  
R1 R2
1 1   R  R2 
i  V     V  1 
 R1 R2   R1 R2  i
i1  R i
R1  R2  2 i2  R
R1  R2  1
Current division formula valid for only 2 resistors in parallel.
Currents in parallel circuits more than 2 resistors have to be solved iteratively
n
1 1
Equivalent resistance of a parallel circuit with n resistors, REq 
REq i 1 Ri
 Find REq

REq  5  1 || 2  6 || 3 4  8 REq  6  || 2  2  4  8

REq  2.4 4  8  14.4 

REq  6  || 4  4  8
Find REq

REq  6 
Find Rab
 Rc Rb  Ra 
Delta to Star
R12  R1  R2 
Ra  Rb  Rc  R2 
Ra Rc  ( 6)
1 2
Ra  Rb  Rc 
R12  R1  R2 
Rb Rc   Ra Rc  (1)
Ra  Rb  Rc  Ra Rb 
R3  (7 )
R R   Rc Ra  (2) Ra  Rb  Rc 
R23  R2  R3  b a
Ra  Rb  Rc 
3
R R   Rb Rc  (3)
R31  R3  R1  b a 1 2
Ra  Rb  Rc 

(1)  (2)  R1  R3 
Rb Rc   Rb Ra  (4)
Ra  Rb  Rc 

(3)  (4)  R1 
Rb Rc  (5)
Ra  Rb  Rc 
3
 Star to Delta

Ra 
R1R2   R2 R3   R3 R1  (8)
R1

Rb 
R1R2   R2 R3   R3 R1  (9)
R2

Rc 
R1R2   R2 R3   R3 R1  (10)
R3
 Find Rab
Rac 
10  5  10  20  20  5  17.5 
20

350
Rcb   35 
10

350
Rab   70 
5

Rab  70  || 30   || (12.5 || 17.5)  (15 || 35)  9.63 

Problem - 1
Find the Rab
 Problem - 2
Find the current supplied by the source and current in 30Ω resistance using current division principle.
Problem - 3
Find I and Vab
Problem - 4
Obtain v and i
Next Class

NODE VOLTAGE ANALYSIS