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Italian Renaissance Garden Design

Italian Renaissance gardens from the 15th to 16th century were privately owned villas situated on hillsides, valleys or cliff edges to take advantage of views. The gardens, scaled up to 100 acres, were designed as outdoor leisure spaces connected to the houses. They featured axial symmetry, terraces, hedges and alleys that divided the gardens into private and social areas. A variety of landscape elements like stonework, vegetation, fountains and sculptures embellished the formal, geometric layout and created theatrical settings around the villas.

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Saurabh Prasadi
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1K views22 pages

Italian Renaissance Garden Design

Italian Renaissance gardens from the 15th to 16th century were privately owned villas situated on hillsides, valleys or cliff edges to take advantage of views. The gardens, scaled up to 100 acres, were designed as outdoor leisure spaces connected to the houses. They featured axial symmetry, terraces, hedges and alleys that divided the gardens into private and social areas. A variety of landscape elements like stonework, vegetation, fountains and sculptures embellished the formal, geometric layout and created theatrical settings around the villas.

Uploaded by

Saurabh Prasadi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ITALIAN RENAISSANCE GARDENS

15TH -16TH CENTURY

POINTS OF ANALYSIS
OWNERSHIP SITE SELECTION and RELATIONSHIP TO THE SURROUNDINGS SCALE AND FUNCTIONS SPATIAL ORGANIZATION USE OF LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS

OWNERSHIP Privately owned garden villas Being renaissance ( rethinking ) landscape was the new idea of portraying art. Trading from east and west made the finances available to implement the ideas of lavish display of wealth with taste and aesthetic sensibilities. Few important examples areVILLA MEDICI (1450) designed by MICHELOZZO VILLA LANTE ( 1573 ) designed by VIGNOLA VILLA DESTE (1575) designed by PIRRO LIGORIO

SITE SELECTION and RELATIONSHIP TO THE SURROUNDINGS The sites were usually on the hillsides, valleys, hill top, river edge, cliff, beach, flood planes because of the view and climate. Descending terraces were carved out of ground for harmony with the land profile Views of country side were part of the design to have the sense of openness, strongly opposing the medieval inward designs. The qualities of the site were respectfully molded into a strong composition of architecture and landscape.

VILLA LANTE AT BAGNAIA

SCALE AND FUNCTIONS Sites were of garden scale upto 50-100 acres Gardens were purely for leisure, various parts were highly private called secret garden. Design ideas were to achieve open places for various activities like walking, swimming, partying, discussions etc. These were also the outdoor display of art pieces like sculptures, water fountains etc. The house and garden were designed in one process, as a unity. So the gardens were the extension of the houses and theatrical settings for them as well.

VILLA LANTE AT BAGNAIA

VILLA LANTE AT BAGNAIA

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Formal and regular with axial planning. Normally geometry of the building extended to the garden subdivision. Various compartments formed with the help of pleached alleys (interwoven hedges along pathways) Terraces, steps, hedges were used to create various compartments and strong avenues to link up all the spaces.

VILLA MEDICI

VILLA LANTE

VILLA DESTE

VILLA MEDICI

VILLA LANTA

USE OF LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS More of permanent materials were used eg. Evergreen vegetation, stone and water. Terraces, retaining walls, stairways, pergolas and arbours and grottos were used extended architectural forms into the gardens. Avenues of dark cypress, clipped hedges were used to give perspective to the axial design of garden. Box parterres, groves of ilex, topiary were used to achieve floral patterns and intricate shapes in vegetation. Bosco (element of the forest) which provides masses to the shapes on plan. Compartments were designed as herb gardens where variety of herbs were planted. Sculptures, water fountains and other elements were used as an opportunity to create event. Use of water was very intensive and spectacular which closely fit in the garden with water sculpture, water fountain, cascades, water parterres etc.

WATER FOUNTAIN AND CASCADE AT VILLA LANTE

VILLA LANTE AT BAGNAIA

TERRACES, ARBOUR, WATER JETS, CASCADE AND WATER PARTERRE AT VILLA DESTE

STONE FEATURE, CLIPPED HEDGES IN VILLA MEDICI

BOX PARTERRES

BOX PARTERRES

TOPIARY

WATER PARTERRE, WATER SCULPTURES

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