Electric Power Voltage Sag Solutions: Coil-Hold-in-Devices (Coil-Locks)
Presented by: Power Quality Solutions, Inc. (PQSI) Knoxville, Tennessee USA
February 2009
Symptoms of Electric Power Quality Problems
Power Quality problems are failure or misoperation of customer end-use equipment caused by voltage, current or frequency deviations
The Voltage Sag Solution: PQSI Coil-Locks
A cost-effective, low intrusive way to protect your vital equipment from voltage sags and dips.
Energy User Surveys*
Typical Number of Facility Voltage Incidents/Year
Voltage Deviation < 0.02 Seconds Your Text
Up to 3 Seconds
110-120% 106 110%
> 700 > 700
06 0 200
87 106%
70 87% 25 87%
Normal
> 240 > 240
Normal
20 140 0 - 16
Most devices will operate here
Devices protected by a Coil-Locks will operate here
*Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Canadian Electric Associations (CEA), and National Power Laboratory (NPL)
Typical Number Facility Voltage Sag Events*
The PQSI Coil-Lock is not time based, therefore it maintains operation during
sag events.
*Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Canadian Electric Associations (CEA), and National Power Laboratory (NPL)
Typical Voltage Sags in RMS Terms
Power Quality Your Text
Example of a Voltage Sag RMS Variation
Variation Category Voltage Sags (RMS Disturbance)
Characterization
Method Your Textof
Your Text Magnitude & Duration
Typical Your Text Causes Your Text Utility System Faults Motors Starting Load Variations Weather Conditions
Typical Voltage Sag Events* in Real-Time Terms
Duration (4 Cycles) 1 0.5
0 0 -0.5
-1
Magnitude (50% of Nominal)
* Voltage sag 50% depth with duration that can vary from 8 milliseconds to > 3 seconds due to across the line motors starting in industrial processes, air conditioners, and utility activities.
Process Solenoid Relay & Contactor Operated Devices that can trip with 25% Voltage Sag Events
PQSI Coil-Lock Coil-hold-in-Device Protects for 75% Deep Sags (i.e. 25% Remaining Voltage)
PQSI Coil-Lock Coil-hold-in-Device Provides SEMI F47 Voltage Sag Immunity
Duration of Voltage Sag in Seconds Percent of Equipment Nominal Voltage
0.01 0.02 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
See Note 1 for Explanation of this Pass/fail point
0.1
Equipment required to Operate in this region
10
100
30
20 10 0
Equipment not required to Operate in this region
Area included in Specification 0.05 to 1 Second
Legend Pass Fail, but not required to pass Fail
Voltage Sag Immunity SEMI F47
SEMI Stepper/Washer, 240V 50 Hz power
Model 2200, SN 99SW4502, 5/00 Note 1: This point (50% sag for 12 cycles) initially failed for L3-L1 sags with a High Velocity Pressure Sprayer fault, but passed for L1-L2 and L2-L3 sags.
PQSI Coil-Lock Applications
1
Coil-Locks Eliminate Weak Links
Relays, contactors, and motor starters are used extensively in commercial and industrial facilities to control business machines and process equipment. These devices often have a low tolerance to electric service voltage sags, and are frequently diagnosed as weak links in automated production lines.
Coil-Locks Eliminate Costly Equipment Shutdown
During common voltage sags, the solenoid coils in these motor-driven systems may de-energize long enough to cause the power circuit mechanical contacts to open (chatter), and the connected electrical equipment to shutdown. The Coil-Lock eliminates costly process shutdown, installs in minutes, and can be a cost-effective alternative to other voltage sag protection methods.
Coil-Locks Eliminate Disruption of Operations
This situation can impact an entire manufacturing facility The Coil-Lock is available in different models to be compatible with most solenoid operated relays and contactors, and is ideal for protecting master control relays, and E-stop circuits. .
Good Place to Begin Hardening: Emergency Off (EMO) Circuit (Simplified)
PQSI Coil-Lock: Simple Installation
PQSI Coil-Lock: Field Installations
Coil-Lock
Coil-Lock NEMA Size 1 NEMA Size 3
Coil-Lock
Coil-Lock
NEMA Size 5
SEMI F47 Equipment
PQSI Coil-Lock: 120Vac & 240Vac Models
Coil-Lock 120Vac Models
Coil-Lock 240Vac Models
PQSI Coil-Lock: Selective Power Conditioning
Cost Breakdowns
Sag Protection Options PQSI Coil-Lock Voltage Dip Proofing Inverter Constant Voltage Transformer (CVT) Initial Cost Installation Cost Maintenance Life Cycle Cost Cost
$ $$$
$$
$ $$
$$
None Required
Storage/Mech Devices None Required
Fixed
Variable Fixed
Dynamic Sag Corrector (DYSC) Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
Know-Trip
$$$$ $$$$ $$
$$ $$ $
Storage/Mech Devices Storage/Mech Devices
None Required
Variable
Variable Variable
Summary
Power line variation impacts such as Voltage sags can be minimized Knowledge of the electrical with PQSI Coil-Locks. environment can help in
applying PQSI Coil-Locks to present process equipment and the design of new equipment.
Power line variation impacts such as voltage sags can be minimized with PQSI Coil-Locks. Strategy
Challenges Forward
History
Collaboration between end-users, utilities, and manufacturers can be cost-effective in solving these power quality issues.
Thank You!
Special Thanks to: EPRI, CEA, and NPL Corporations for use of their ongoing Power Quality System Compatibility Research
Prepared by Power Quality Solutions, Inc. Knoxville, TN USA
