CONSTRUCTIVISM

MEANING OF
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Constructivism is the philosophical and
scientific position that knowledge arises
through a process of active construction.
Constructivism is an educational theory
that recognizes learners construct new
understandings and knowledge, integrating
with what they already know.
Constructivism believes personal
construction of meaning by the learner
through experience, and that meaning is
influenced by the interaction of prior
knowledge and new events.
 Constructivism is a learning theory
based from the idea that reflecting on our
experiences, we construct our
understanding of the world we live in
CONSTRUCTIVISM:
PHILOSOPHY OF
EDUCATION
Constructivism is a philosophy of learning.
Learning is a search for meaning. Meaning
requires understanding a whole as well as
parts. The purpose of learning is for individual
to construct his or her meaning, not just to
memorize something.
CONSTRUCTIVISM BY JEAN PIAGET
A Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget’s theory of constructivism impacts
learning curriculum.
Piaget's theory argued that people produce knowledge and form
meaning based upon their experience. Piaget emphasized the two of the
key components which create the construction of an individual‘s new
knowledge which are: Accommodation and Assimilation.
Accommodation. It means to
reframe and accommodate new
experiences into the mental
capacity already present.
Assimilation. Means incorporating
new experiences to the old
experience.
• Teachers following Piaget’s theory of
constructivism must challenge the student by
making them effective critical thinkers.

• Piaget believed that the individual is at the

center of the knowledge creation and
acquisition process.
CONSTRUCTIVISM BY LEV VYGOTSKY

Lev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist who

emphasized the role of language and culture in
cognitive development. Cognitive development
pertains on how children think, explore and
figure things out.
Vygotsky believed that language play an
essential roles on both in human intellectual
development and in how humans perceive the
world.
Vygotsky believed that children could reach a
higher cognitive level with instruction from more
learned individuals.
Vygotsky’s social constructivist theory states
that knowledge is co-constructed and that
individuals learn from one another and the
learner must be engaged in the learning
process. Learning happens, with the assistance
of other people
ZONE OF PROXIMAL THEORY

A fundamental aspect of Vygotsky’s theory

Is a “range of tasks that are too difficult for an
individual to master alone, but can be mastered
with the assistance or guidance of adults or
more skilled peer. (Vygotsky, 1962).”
CONSTRUCTIVISM BYJOHN DEWEY
John Dewey is an American philosopher who has been fo a lifetime
engaeged in elaborating a constructivist theory of knowledge.
Dewey insisted that learners need to connect real life experiences
with school activities in order to make learning possible.
 John Dewey is often citedas the
philosophical founder of this approach. Bruner (1990)
and Piaget (1972) are considered the chief theorists
among the cognitive constructivists. Vygotsky (1978)
on the other hand is the major theorist among the
social constructivist. He rejected the notion that
schools should focus on repetitive and rote
memorization.
Dewey pointed out that:

 Students should be provided with opportunities to

think from themselves and articulate their thoughts.
 Students should engage in real-world, practical
workshops in which they would demonstrate their
knowledge through collaboration and creativity
 AIMS OF
EDUCATION UNDER
CONSTRUCTIVISM
CONSTRUCTIVISM GOALS
 To provide experience with the knowledge construction process
 To provide experience and appreciate for multiple perspectives
 To embed learning in realistic contexts
 To encourage ownership and a voice in the learning process.
 To encourage awareness of the knowledge construction process.
 To embed learning in social experience (collaboration)
 To encourage the use of multiple modes of representation suc has video,
audio, texts etc.
 CURRICULUM

Constructivism calls for the elimination of standard

curriculum. Instead, constructivism promotes using
curricula customized to student’s prior knowledge. It
also emphasized hands-on problem solving.
INSTRUCTION
Educators focus on the making connections between facts
and fostering new understanding in students. Instructors
encourage students to analyze, interpret and predict
information.
Teachers rely heavily on open-ended questions and
promote extensive dialogue among students.
ASSESSMENT

Constructivism calls for elimination of

standardized testing and grades. Instead
assessment becomes a part of the learning
process so that students play a larger role in
judging their progress.
METHODS OF
TEACHING
CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH
CONSTRUCTIVISM is an approach to learning
that holds that people actively construct or
make their knowledge and that reality is
determined by the experience of the learners
Main Types Of Constructivism
COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVISM
- States that knowledge is something that is actively constructed by the
learners based on their existing cognitive structures.
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
- States that learning is a collaborative process. Knowledge develops from
individuals interactions with society and their culture.
RADICAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
- States that all knowledge is constructed rather than perceived through the
senses.
CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING
STRATEGIES
Constructivist teaching should be characterized by the following:
 The environment is democratic
 The learners are actively involved
 The activities are student centered
 The teacher facilitates a process of learning
Learning Stategies and Activities:
Role-playing. For example in science, a group of
students may be assigned to be different organs of
the digestive system and asked to explain how each
works individually and together with the other
organs in the system.
Hands-on, creative activities. The teacher should present
a wide range of options for students to explore without
directly stating what those options are. After the exchange
of ideas, let the students work on the presentation od
solutions by way od various creative activities such as
multimedia presentation and other means
Real-life Simulations. By simulating real-life
situations and emerging students in these setups.
In math for instance. An activity on counting money
may be a day in the grocery store with only imited
amount of money on hand. The student may apply
how to budget their money to be able to afford all
the necessary goods in their lists.
 CONSTRUCTIVIST TEACHER
The characteristics of a constructivist teachers are the following:
 Pose questions and problems, then guide students to help them find their
answers.
 Prompt students to formulate their questions (inquiry)
 Allow multiple expressions of learning and interpretations (multiple
intelligences).
 Encourage group work and the use of peers as resources. (collaborative
learning).
 CONSTRUCTIVISM IN THE CLASSROOM
In a constructivist classroom:
 Teachers are more facilitators of learning than actual instructors.
 Teacher has a role to create a collaborative environment where
students are actively involved in their learning.
 Teachers need to adjust their teaching to match the learner’s level
of understanding.
CONCLUSION
By knowing and understanding the concept of
constructivism, we can provide an effective teaching
to students for them to easily absorb or comprehend
the lessons that they encounter. Constructivism
promotes social and communication skills, focuses
on the learner and ensures that they comprehend
knowledge in their own way. It helps students
develop their understanding of new concepts and
discover new ideas as they learn.
REFERENCES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZIaCC3hMJU&t=1772s
https://www.buffalo.edu/catt/develop/theory/constructivism.html
https://slife.org/constructivism/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(philosophy_of_education)
https://psychology.wikia.org/wiki/Constructivist_teaching_methods
https://www.simplypsychology.org/constructivsim.html
https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-constructivism2005.html
THANK
YOU!!