Reading & Writing Skills for

Academic Purpose Introduction

 READING FOR
ACADEMIC PURPOSES
According to Grabe William and L. Fredrika (2002), the category of purpose for reading
includes are: reading to search for simple information, reading to skim quickly, reading
to learn from text, reading to integrate information, reading to write, reading to
critique texts and reading for general comprehension.
 READING FOR
ACADEMIC PURPOSES
Why is academic reading beneficial?
• Information comes from reputable sources: Web sites and blogs can be a source of
insight and information, but not all are useful as academic resources.
• Learn how to form arguments: In most college classes except for creating writing,
when instructors ask you to write a paper, they expect it to be argumentative in
style.
• Exposure to different viewpoints: One purpose of assigned academic readings is to
give students exposure to different viewpoints and ideas
 READING FOR
ACADEMIC PURPOSES
What’s in our menu?
1. Reading purposes

2. Reading strategies
(techniques)

3. Finding main ideas and

supporting details
 WHY DO WE READ?
In academic context, we read:

• to get information (data, facts, etc.)

• to learn/understand a theory/
author’s ideas
• to support our opinion (finding
data/facts supporting our view)
 READING STRATEGIES
•To skim is to glance through a text as •To scan is to find specific information
quickly as you can, while getting a from a piece of text.
general and holistic view of its content.
•In scanning, you have a question in
•Skimming is most useful for obtaining a your mind and you read a text only to
surface understanding and is not find the answer, without paying
attention to any unrelated information.
recommended for in-depth
understanding or analysis.

SKIMMING SCANNING
 SKIMMING
Don't read the whole text word-for-word. Use as many clues as possible
to give you some background information. There might be pictures or
images related to the topic, or an eye-catching title. Let your eyes skim
over the surface of the text and, while thinking about any clues you
have found about the subject, look out for key words.

USE SKIMMING TO FIND:

MAJOR
ORGANIZATIONAL MAIN
THESIS MAIN IDEA SUPPORTING OVERALL STYLE PLOT OUTLINE
PATTERN CHARACTERS
DETAILS
 EXERCISE!
Text 1
We cannot drink sea water, for two reasons.
First, the bacterial count may be too high for our health.
The second and main reason is that the salt content of sea water (about a quarter-pound of salt
to a gallon of water) is too great for the human body.
Even though a certain amount of salt is necessary for body cells to stay healthy, an excess lead
to dehydration, and death.

Skim the text! What is it mostly about?

B. Why it is easier to swim
A. How much salt is C. Why the human body D. Why it is dangerous to
in sea water than fresh
contained in sea water. needs salt. drink sea water.
water.
 EXERCISE!
Text 2
Sound waves are movements, or vibrations, in the air made by sounds. When these sound waves enter the canal of
your outer ear, they hit your ear drum, a thin, tough sheet of tissue stretched tightly along the canal that separates
your outer ear from your middle ear. As the sound waves hit, the ear drum begins to vibrate, much the same way that
a drum does when it is hit with a stick. This vibration of the ear drum causes three tiny bones in your middle ear to
vibrate too. They, in turn, send vibrations to a liquid that fills the deepest part of your inner ear. The moving liquid
presses on the nerve cells which control your hearing, and these, in turn, pass the sound message on to your brain.

Skim the text! What is it mostly about?

A. The importance of C. The process by which we D. How deaf people can be

B. The structure of the ear.
protecting the ear drum. hear sound. helped to hear sound.
 SCANNING:
Why do we scan?
To search for a word/meaning in a dictionary

To check or find a time/day/activity in a schedule

To locate a particular information in a text (to answer a

specific question)

To find evidence/facts/data in a scientific article

And many other activities.

 EXERCISE!
Text 1
Blood looks as if it is solid red, but it really is not. If you look at blood under a microscope, you will see that it is
made up of four different parts: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The plasma, which is the
actual fluid, is a yellowish-white liquid. It contains the red blood cells, the white blood cells, and platelets, along
with proteins, minerals, digested food, and wastes. However, there are more red blood cells in the blood than any
of these other substances, and it is the hemoglobin - a red pigment - in the red blood cells that gives your blood its
color.

Scan the text, and answer this question (TRUE/FALSE):

PLATELETS ARE NOT PARTS OF BLOOD

TRUE FALSE
 EXERCISE!
Text 2

Blood looks as if it is solid red, but it really is not. If you look at blood under a microscope, you will
see that it is made up of four different parts: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets. The plasma, which is the actual fluid, is a yellowish-white liquid. It contains the red
blood cells, the white blood cells, and platelets, along with proteins, minerals, digested food, and
wastes. However, there are more red blood cells in the blood than any of these other substances,
and it is the hemoglobin - a red pigment - in the red blood cells that gives your blood its color.

Scan the text, and answer this question (MULTIPLE CHOICE):

..... GIVES OUR BLOOD ITS COLOR

A. PLASMA B. PLATELETS C. RED BLOOD CELL D. HEMOGLOBIN

 EXERCISE!
Text 3 AND ANSWER THESE
QUESTIONS!
TAKE A LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING TEXT!
1. What product is this text-label for?
A. Food
B. Detergent
C. Shampoo
D. Body lotion

2. The product contains the following

ingredients, except...
A. Quinoa
B. Nuts
C. Avocado
D. Natural ingredients
 MAIN IDEAS AND
SUPPORTING DETAILS
ORGANIZATION OF A PARAGRAPH:
1. Statement of the main idea.
2. Elaboration of the main idea and supporting
details.
3. Restatement of the main idea or summary of
main ideas or conclusions.

• The TOPIC is the subject that the paragraph is

about.
• The main idea can usually be located if you can
determine what the topic is.
• The main idea sums up the author’s primary
message.
 SUPPORTING DETAILS

A paragraph contains facts, statements, examples-specifics which guide us to

a full understanding of the main idea.
They clarify, illuminate, explain, describe, expand and illustrate the main idea.
THEY ARE SUPPORTING DETAILS

TYPES OF SUPPORTING DETAILS

EXAMPLES/
COMPARISONS CONTRASTS STATISTICS GRAPHS QUOTATIONS DESCRIPTIONS
EXPLANATION
 EXERCISE!
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT
You can help stop the spread of the flu virus. The Centers for Disease Control remind
you to cover your cough. You should cough into a tissue and throw the tissue away. Or
you can cough into the inside of your elbow, into your own clothing. The Centers for
Disease Control also remind you to clean your hands. You can use hand sanitizer. You
should use an alcohol- 20 based hand sanitizer for the best results. You can use soap
and water. You should wash your hands with warm water and soap for at least 20
seconds. Studies show that washing your hands for 2 minutes with hot, soapy water is
the best way to get the most germs off your hands. Be sure to wash under your
fingernails and between your fingers.
 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS!
WHAT IS THE MAIN IDEA OF WHAT TYPE OF SUPPORTING
THE PARAGRAPH? DETAILS IS USED IN THE
PARAGRAPH?

A. How to wash your hands A. Comparisons

B. How long to wash your hands B. Contrasts
C. How to stop the spread of the C. Graphs
virus D. Quotations
D. What studies have shown about E. Examples/explanation
hand-washing
E. Why you should cough into your
elbow
Academic writing is important for several reasons:
• It can be used as an assessment of students’ knowledge.
• It can be used as proof that a specific experimental result has been obtained
(when published).
• It can be used to help learn new information (you need to understand the new
information before you can write about it).
• It can help to clarify your thoughts and identify any gaps in your knowledge or
understanding.
WRITING FOR
ACADEMIC PURPOSES
What’s in our menu?

1. Academic writing

2. Kinds of writing

3. Descriptive text
 Rules in academic writing?
1. Write in a clause/sentence:
• CLAUSE: at least contains S+V
• SENTENCE: may contain more than 1 clause and an object
“ I eat a bowl of meatballs ” ,
s v o
“I eat some fruits and you drink a a cup of tea”
s1 v1 o1 s2 v2 o2

2. Subject Verb agreement (A verb must agree with its

subject – bentuk verb mengikuti subyek)
• subyek tunggal, verb dasar + s (dalam present tense)
Example: Adi finds some data for his research

• Modal verbs (will, can, should, etc.) + verb dasar (untuk semua
tenses)
Example: You could not find the data you needed

• Dalam past tense, semua subyek + verb bentuk ke-2 (past form)
Example:
Adi found some data / The researchers found some data
3. Use appropriate punctuation (Tanda baca)
(Commas, Dashes, Hyphens, Exclamation marks, Full stops, Question
marks, Colons, Semi-Colons)

4. Use the right vocabulary (referring to which parts of speech):

• Noun – kata benda
• Adjective – kata sifat (menerangkan benda)
• Adverb – kata keterangan (menerangkan kata kerja, kata sifat)
• Pronoun – kata ganti orang/benda
• Conjunction – kata hubung (and/dan, or/atau, etc.)
• Preposition – preposisi (in, on, of, by, below - di, ke, dari, oleh,
etc.)
• Articles – penanda singular dan specific untuk noun (a/an -
sebuah, the - si/sang)
5. Use the apostrophe correctly

Example:

a. You can say "the work of the information manager“

or "the information manager's work.“

b. The student's assignment (singular)

The students’ assignment (plural)

Conventions in academic writing
1. Style Convention
(Numbers and date, Capital, Abbreviation, typing and spelling)

a. Numbers and date :

There are 400 databases available.
The service was set up on 11 April 2012
In the 1990s the term "Internet" became a media buzz word

b. Capital letters are used for:

• proper nouns: Hazel Hall, Professor, Edinburgh Napier University.
• names of civic holidays: Christmas Day
• geographical names: Central Belt
• public thoroughfares: Princes Street
• important events: Graduation Day
• trade names: Windows, Java
• journal titles: International Journal of Information Management
• the first letter (only) of book titles: Navigating business information sources: a practical guide for information
managers
d. Abbreviation

when you want to introduce an example into your work you should use, in full, the phrase "for
example“ , not using “e.g” , and others.
Just like in bahasa Indonesia the word “dan lain lain “ used as “dll”

e. typing and spelling

There are some words that students regularly misspell. Perhatikan ejaan yg benar (cek di KBBI, untuk
Bahasa Indonesia).
• Business – not bussiness
• Apotek – bukan apotik
2. Tone conventions

a. Write formally

The tone of your work should be formal, and not chatty. Jangan menggunakan bahasa ‘gaul’
atau singkatan tidak formal.
b. Avoid jargon
Take special care with terms that have specialized meanings in your subject area. Hati-hati
dalam penggunaan istilah khusus dalam konteks/profesi tertentu.

c. The impersonal writer

Check the three sentences below to see how this is achieved:
1. I conducted a survey on the use of social media in schools. [First person singular]
2. The author conducted a survey on the use of social media in schools. [Third person singular]
3. A survey was conducted on the use of social media in schools. [Impersonal writing]
3. Forming arguments
(How to turn your information into a well-written essay or report)

A paragraph deals with just one topic or major point of an argument relevant to the
essay or report.

1. opening topic sentence, i.e. main point given

2. explanation of topic sentence
3. supporting sentences that explain its significance
4. discussion of examples or evidence (citing authorities; drawing on empirical evidence, i.e.
research carried out by others or, in the case of a dissertation, you; drawing on your own
experience, for example from placement)

5. concluding sentence
 WRITING SET STRUCTURE

INTRODUCTION
• In the first paragraph
• Include background information

BODY
• Develop thesis statement / aims
• Answer your questions
• Write at least in several paragraphs

CONCLUSION
• In the final/end of paragraph
• Act summary
• Answer the thesis statement / aims
 Academic writing purposes
General purposes Specific purposes
• Presenting general • Argument and persuasion

information (convince the readers)

• A clear and concise • Exposition

presentation (Explain detail information)

• Description
• Shows understanding to
(Describe the information to
the readers
make readers recognize and
understand)
 Descriptive

Narrative
Kinds of Persuasive
paragraph

Explanatory
 Describing a person, place, thing, animal, theme or idea to the
Descriptive reader. A good descriptive paragraph will make them feel like they
were there experiencing everything you’re talking about.

It helps tell the story and keeps the story moving. Narrative
Narrative paragraphs will include action, events and exciting descriptive
words. These paragraphs help keep the reader engaged in the story.

The writer is actually giving his own opinion on a certain subject or

Persuasive topic. Persuasive paragraphs will also include facts and information
that help to back up the writer’s opinion.

It may contain directions or might describe a process in a logical,

Explanatory linear manner. Explanatory paragraphs are also factual in nature and
are not a common tool for fiction writers.
 OUR FOCUS:
Descriptive Writing

• Provide the readers with an accurate mental

Purposes

pictures of the subject (Person/place/object)

• Make the readers ‘see, feel, and hear’ the

writer’s description
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Describing a Person Describing an Object
• Start paragraph with • Share the size and general
general topic sentence shape of object
• Focus on most striking part • Describe its sensory
of the appearance details, like color, texture,
• Focus on physical details or taste.
• Fill in any last details to • Talk about what it’s used
give a good general for to give a sense of its
pictures. purpose.
• Use figurative language • End by telling or showing
and strong adjective. how the object is
• End the paragraph with a significant, depending on
resonant description. your tone
 Describing a Place
• Start paragraph with the first thing you strike
about the place
• Highlight small place details
• Use surprising, exotic language to make the
place come to life
• Add sensory details to appeal to your sense of
scent, touch, and sound
• Write about how you or your character react to
the place
• Include only the most important details
Descriptive writing consideration

Age

nationality Habit

Characteristic

Gender Location

Profession
Etc.
Before writing
Descriptive Paragraph

Decide the subject (Person/Object/Place/Animal)

Write a note question (Use W-H question)

Use figurative language and strong adjective

Example
1. What is his complete
name/nickname?

2. Where was he born?

3. How old is he?

4. How would you describe

his physical appearance?

5. What is he wearing?

6. What is his favorite

hobby? Why?

7. Others….
Descriptive writing example
(Person) He is my friend, his name is Jason. He was
born in Sydney, Australia, he is 20 years old.
He has a short curly black hair, and his eyes
are blacks. He has a bright skin and tall body.
His smile is beautiful and he is also kind. He
is wearing white basketball team uniform, in
daily he also like to wear the t-shirt. He likes
to play basketball together with me, we play
it for fun and also for competition. He is one
of the best player in my team.
 Descriptive writing example
(Object)

A vacuum bottle is a container which is used to keep liquids either hot

or cold. It is composed of a metal container, a glass bottle, a plastic cap,
a cork, and a shock absorber. This vacuum bottle is 25 inches in height.
The outer part of the bottle consists of a metal container and a plastic
cap. The container is cylindrical in shape. Its base is flat and circular. It
has a diameter of 10 inches. The cap is at the top of the container. Inside
the container, there is a cylindrical glass bottle with a tapering neck and
a cork at the top. The glass bottle is supported by a spiral shock
absorber which is fixed to the base of the container. It has 2 walls: the
inner and the outer. Between these walls, there is a vacuum to keep the
liquid at a constant temperature.
Descriptive writing example
(Places)
Write your paragraph
(10 minutes)
Choose one of the themes below, and
write about the description of your
selected theme!

PERSON OBJECT PLACE

Reading & Writing Skills for
Academic Purpose Introduction
Purpose of similarity checking
Improve writing skill

Prevent plagiarism
Inspect paper for publication

Digital receipt of similarity

Similarity Check
Application
What is TurnItIn?
Online service that offer a highly customizable option to check the
originality of your writing paper (thesis, research paper, etc)
How much similarity is allowed?
max 25%
% *depends on topic/publisher
Turnitin Checking Request @LKC

bit.ly/libraryturnitin
Turnitin Checking Request @LKC

References -> daftar pustaka

Quotes -> kutipan
<1% similarity -> similarity dari sumber-sumber
yang kurang dari 1%

bit.ly/libraryturnitin
 Similiarity Report
Example

Without bibliography &

quotes
With bibliography &
quotes
Type of Account in
Turnitin
Administrator

Instructor

Student
Turnitin Video Tutorial
Find Problem? Contact us!
binus.library [email protected]
 How to use Chat GPT to write an Essay complete guide

For those of you interested OpenAI also offers an API that allows developers to integrate this AI into their
applications, but there are also user-friendly platforms that provide
ChatGPT services if you do not know how to code. Although the standard font offered by OpenAI

Here’s how you can get started:

1.Use ChatGPT from OpenAI directly: A third-party application is not always required and the
service provided by OpenAI might provide everything you need.
2.Third-party platforms: Some other popular AI powered essay writing services include Kuki Chatbot, GPT-3
Creative Writing, and AI Writer.
3.Sign up or create an account: Most platforms will require you to sign up to use the service.
4.Familiarize yourself with the platform: Spend some time understanding the user interface and features before
you begin.
5.When you are ready follow the guidelines below
 Getting Started with Mendeley

1.Create an account
2.Use this URL to Download Mendeley Reference Manager
3.Create a personal profile. This helps others find your papers,
and you can keep track of the use.
4.Download the free software onto your computer. Download the
web importer too under the Tools menu.
5.Start adding your reference materials to your Mendeley library
(see next)
6.Create a library by giving it a name.
• Import a citation from Google Scholar
• import a citation from PubMed or Scopus or another database
you use
• Drag and drop a PDF - highlight and annotate (write a note)
• Don't forget to Sync Mendeley desktop.
What is Paraphrasing?
• According to the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, paraphrasing is a
way to re-express a piece of writing that has been made by someone else
using different sentences to make it easier to understand.
• According to Purdue OWL, paraphrasing is a person's ability to
understand a piece of writing that has been written by someone else and
put it back into a new sentence form.
• https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/using_research/quoti
ng_paraphrasing_and_summarizing/paraphrasing.html
• https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/paraphra
se_1
 Paraphrasing is something that is important, because it can
reduce the occurrence of plagiarism in quoting an article.
Based on Purdue OWL, there are 6 effective writing
techniques in paraphrasing, including:
1. Read repeatedly until you understand the content of the writing.
2. Rewrite without looking back at the text to be paraphrased.
3. Make a list of the keywords on a note paper to recall the important points
to be conveyed.
4. Make a comparison between the original writing and paraphrased writing.
This is necessary to ensure that all ideas are contained in the new writing.
5. Use quotation marks (“ ") to identify specific terms, terminology, or
phrases if used without being changed from the original writing.
6. Write sources on a notepad to make it easier to write library or reference
sources.
 Paraphrasing is something that is important, because it can
reduce the occurrence of plagiarism in quoting an article.
Based on Purdue OWL, there are 6 effective writing
techniques in paraphrasing, including:
1. Read repeatedly until you understand the content of the writing.
2. Rewrite without looking back at the text to be paraphrased.
3. Make a list of the keywords on a note paper to recall the important points
to be conveyed.
4. Make a comparison between the original writing and paraphrased writing.
This is necessary to ensure that all ideas are contained in the new writing.
5. Use quotation marks (“ ") to identify specific terms, terminology, or
phrases if used without being changed from the original writing.
6. Write sources on a notepad to make it easier to write library or reference
sources.
PARAPHRASE EXAMPLES
PARAPHRASE EXAMPLES
PARAPHRASE EXAMPLES
PARAPHRASE EXAMPLES
PARAPHRASE EXAMPLES
ASSIGNMENT
PARAPHRASE EXAMPLES
ASSIGNMENT
ASSIGNMENT
PARAPHRASE EXAMPLES
 Thank you for joining us in this session!
If you have further question, kindly email to:
ASSIGNMENT
Email: [email protected]
PARAPHRASE EXAMPLES
IG: @beelinguabinus
Website: https://lc.binus.ac.id/
DLLC CP: (Desi Indrawati): +6281230719691