JUMBLED SIGNALS

1 Direction: Complete
the sentences below by
arranging the jumbled
letters.
 These are some of
1. _____
the ways to stay fit esteh
and healthy.
2. Environmental
problems exist _____ ude ot
due to
irresponsible
man-made activities.
3. Covid-19 is now a
global health threat; ovewreh
however there are ways
________,
to prevent the virus from
further spreading.
4. A healthy diet reduces
the risk of diseases ____ dan
promotes and
physical
fitness.
5. Our youth organization is
looking for enthusiastic
onij own
environmental advocates.
What are you waiting for?
_____ and be one of us!
Join now
GRAMMATICAL
SIGNALS
Presented by Jessa D. Perez
 Objectives
a. define grammatical signals;

b. identify the different patterns of

idea development;

c. use appropriate grammatical

signals suitable to each pattern of
idea development
ROAD
 GRAMMATICA
L SIGNALS
• Are writing devices used to
maintain text coherence.
• These ideas can be developed
through different patterns
depending on the writer’s
purpose.
 IDEA
DEVELOPMENT
• is essential in writing. This is
done by organizing ideas in a
logical and clear manner that suits
the writer’s purpose.
PATTERN OF IDEA
DEVELOPMENT
• refers to the structure of writing
on how the ideas are being
presented.
1 General to particular

2 Claim and counterclaim

3 Problem-solution

4 Cause-effect
 General to
particular
• This method of explaining by
starting with a broad (big idea)
and following it with
specific(small) idea in support to
the main idea.
 EXAMPLE
IDEA 1 IDEA 2
Generally, there are Specifically, these
seven continents of the continents are Asia,
world. Africa, Antarctica,
Europe, Australia, North
and South America.
Animals are classified into different categories based on
their characteristics. Firstly, mammals, such as dogs and
cats, give birth to live young and nurse them with milk.
Secondly, birds, like eagles and sparrows, have feathers
and lay eggs. Thirdly, reptiles, such as snakes and
lizards, are cold-blooded and have scales or shells.
Moreover, amphibians, like frogs and salamanders, live
both on land and in water. Lastly, fish, such as goldfish
and tuna, have gills and fins for swimming.
 GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR
GENERAL TO PARTICULAR
• Also, • examples of these,
• for example, • first,
• as an example, • second,
• in addition, • third,
• in addition to, • next,
• for instance, • on one hand,
• on the other hand. • specifically
• generally • Moreover
 Cause and
Effect
• This pattern of idea development
explains the causes or the effects
of something.
Effect Example
Global warming is
happening because of
the thinning of the
ozone layer.

Cause
The global pandemic led to widespread economic
downturns worldwide. Consequently, many businesses
were forced to shut down, leading to increased
unemployment rates and financial instability for millions
of people.
GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR CAUSE
AND EFFECT
Cause: Effect:
• if, • so, • leads to,
• for, • thus, • one of the effects
• since, • hence, is,
• due to, • then, • that is why
• because, • therefore, • In order to
• owing to, • as a result, • causing
• because of, • in effect,
• one cause, • as consequence,
• resulting from • consequently,
 Claim and
Counterclaim
• Claim – is where you actually give
your stand to a particular issue or
topic.
• Counterclaim – is your argument
to give opposite agreement to a
particular issue or topic.
 Example
Facebook starts to remove
recommendations for political,
and social groups. However,
some argue that this move could
limit users' exposure to diverse
perspectives and stifle free
speech.
Some argue that standardized testing is an effective
measure of student performance. However, critics
contend that it promotes rote memorization over critical
thinking skills and exacerbates educational inequalities.
GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR CLAIM
AND COUNTERCLAIM
• however, • some people say,
• nevertheless, • some may say,
• on one hand, • of course,
• on the other hand, • nevertheless,
• admittedly, • but not only that
• Proves that • Disagree
• Observe • Oppose
• claim • contradict.
.
 Problem and
solution
• This pattern of idea development
is used when a writer identifies a
problem and addresses it by
presenting one or more solutions.
 EXAMPLE
PROBLEM SOLUTION
Because of the fire, the The school thereby
school building was requested the department of
destroyed. Education (DepEd) for a
new building.
Traffic congestion in urban areas is a growing problem
due to increased population and vehicle ownership. To
alleviate this issue, city planners can implement
measures such as expanding public transportation
networks, promoting carpooling and ridesharing, and
creating pedestrian-friendly infrastructure.
 GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR
PROBLEM
AND SOLUTION
• because, • and so that,
• cause, • as a solution,
• since, • one way.
• as a result, • Thereby
• in order to, • but
Let’s find out!
Directions: Read the following
sentences and identify what
pattern of development is used.
Then, find the signals word/s used.
1. Johnny wanted to be a doctor in order to help
others especially the poor ones, as a result he
decided to focus on his studies so that he can
achieve his dream.

Cause and effect – in order to, as a

result
2. Ana’s family suffered a lot, but they never
allowed anything to break their family apart.
They continued to work hard.

Problem and solution – but

3. Other believe that the virus is not real,
however, the number of deaths in the world
proves that the danger is real.

Claim and counterclaim – however,

proves that
4. Jen learned how to be safe going outside.
First, she needs to wear her mask and then
maintain a distance from others..

General to particular – first

5. Due to heavy rain, the streets flooded, causing
traffic jams throughout the city.

Cause and effect – due to, causing