Illustrating Relations

and Functions
Quarter 1
RELATION
- is a set of ordered pairs.
Ex. {(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)}
- The set of all first coordinates is the domain
(x), of the relation. The set of all second
coordinates is the range (y) of the relation.
Domain (x): {1,2,3,4,5}- Input
Range (y): {1,3,5,7,9}- Output
REPRESENTATION OF RELATIONS
-Aside from ordered pair, a RELATION can also
be represented in three(3) different ways:

1. Table of Values
2. Mapping Diagram
3. Graph
 Ex. {(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)}
1. Table of Values
x y
1 1
2 3
3 5
4 7
5 9
 Ex. {(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)}
2. Mapping Diagram
x y
1 1
2 3
3 5
4 7
5 9
 Ex. {(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)}
3. Graphing
 KINDS OF RELATIONS
1. ONE-TO-ONE RELATION
x y
1 1
2 3
3 5
4 7
5 9
One-to-one: {(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)}
 KINDS OF RELATIONS
2. ONE-TO-MANY RELATION
x y
1
1 3
5
3 7
9
One-to-many: {(1,1), (1,3), (3,5), (3,7), (3,9)}
 KINDS OF RELATIONS
3. MANY-TO-ONE RELATION
x y
1
3 1
5
7 3
9
many-to-one: {(1,1), (3,1), (5,1), (7,3), (9,3)}
Example 1:
Graph and list the domain and range of each relation.
Identify the kind of relation.
{(1,3), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5,6)}

Domain (x):
Range (y):
Kind of relation:
1 whole sheet of paper!
Graph and list the domain and range of each relation. Identify the kind
of relation.
1. ( 1 ,2 ), ( 2, 3 ), ( 3 , 4 ), ( 4, 5 )
2. ( -1, 6 ), ( -2, 7 ), ( -3, 8 ), ( -4, 9 )
3. ( 1, 2 ), ( 0, 8 ), ( 1, 3 ), ( 2 , 7 )
4. ( -3, 8 ), ( -1, 8 ), ( 3, 8 ), ( 7, 8 )
5. ( 5, 4 ), ( 5, 8 ), ( 7, 2 ), ( 7, 3 )
Domain (x):
Range (y):
Kind of relation:
FUNCTION
- is a rule that pairs each element in one set,
called the domain, with exactly one element from
as second set, called the range.
{(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)}- FUNCTION
{(1,1), (2,3), (1,5), (4,7), (5,9)}- MERE RELATION
Examples: Determine whether each relation is
a function.
1. A= {(1,1), (2,1), (3,5), (4,7), (5,9)}
2. A= {(a,b), (b,d), (c,e), (c,f), (d,e)}
3. x y
1 1
2 3
3 5
4 7
5 9
State whether the given set of ordered pairs is a function or NOT.
1. ( 1 ,2 ), ( 2, 3 ), ( 3 , 4 ), ( 4, 5 )
2. ( -1, 6 ), ( -2, 7 ), ( -3, 8 ), ( -4, 9 )
3. ( 1, 2 ), ( 0, 8 ), ( 1, 3 ), ( 2 , 7 )
4. ( -3, 8 ), ( -1, 8 ), ( 3, 8 ), ( 7, 8 )
5. ( 5, 4 ), ( 5, 8 ), ( 7, 2 ), ( 7, 3 )
6. (0,1), (2,3), (4,5), (6,7)
7. (-2,4), (-1,2), (0,1), (1,2), (2,4)
8. (-4,6), (-3,4), (-1,4), (-1,6), (2, 6), (2, 4), (4,4)
9. (-4,2), (-2,1), (0,-1), (-2,-2), (-4,3)
10. (-7,2), (-5,0), (-2,-1), (2,0), (5,2)
Types of Functions
Evaluating Functions
LESSON 2
Evaluating a function means replacing
the variable in the function, in this case
x, with a value from the function’s
domain and computing for the result. To
denote that we are evaluating 𝑓 at 𝑎 for
some 𝑎 in the domain of 𝑓, we write
𝑓(𝑎).
To evaluate a function, we should:
• directly replace the indicated
value to the given function;
• perform the indicated operation;
and
• simplify the answer.
Example 1. Evaluate the following
functions at 𝑥 = 1.5.
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 1
(b) 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2𝑥– 2
2

(c) 𝑔(𝑥) =
(d) 𝑟(𝑥) =
Example 2: Given f(x) = 2x − 4 , find the
value of the function if x = 3.
Example 3: Given g(x)=3x +7, find g(-3).
2
Example 4: Given g(x)=3x +7, find g(-3).
2
Example 5: Given f(x) = 5x +1, find f(h +1).
Example 6: Evaluate f(x)=2x if x=.
1 WHOLE: Evaluate the following functions.
3. Given h(x)=, find the value of function if x
=−5.
4. Evaluate the function f(x)=x2-2x+2 at f(2x-
3).
5. Evaluate the function g(x)=3 if x=.
x
Piecewise Functions
A piecewise function is a function
in which more than one formula is
used to define the output. Each
formula has its own domain, and
the domain of the function is the
union of all these smaller domains.
 There are functions that requires
more than one formula in order to
obtain the given output. There are
instances when we need to describe
situations in which a rule or
relationship changes as the input
value crosses certain boundaries. In
this case, we need to apply the
 We notate this idea like this:
 A. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes 200
free text messages. Messages in excess of
200 are charged ₱1.00 each. Represent the
monthly cost for text messaging using the
function t(m), where m is the number of
messages sent in a month.
 A. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes 200
free text messages. Messages in excess of
200 are charged ₱1.00 each. Represent the
monthly cost for text messaging using the
function t(m), where m is the number of
messages sent in a month.
 B. A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per
piece. However, if you buy more than 5
pieces they will mark down the price to
₱48.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function
to represent the cost in terms of the number
of chocolate bars bought.
 C. The cost of hiring a catering service to
serve food for a party is ₱250.00 per head
for 50 persons or less, ₱200.00 per head for
51 to 100 persons, and ₱150.00 per head for
more than 100. Represent the total cost as a
piecewise function of the number of
attendees to the party.
EXAMPLE 1:

Find f(0) and f(-3).

Find f(-5) and f(3).

Find f(-5) and f(3).