ELECTRONIC

BUSINESS
 Lecture-3 & 4
 Internet
 History of Internet
 Intranet vs Extranet
 Internet Service Provider
 Internet Address
 World Wide Web
 Web Browser
 URL
 Domain Name System
 Protocols
 Server
 Bandwidth and
 Modem
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 Internet
 A network of networks in which user of any computer can
get information from other computer, if they have
permission.
 An internet (note the lowercase letter i) is two or more
networks that can communicate with each other.

 It is a generic term used to mean an interconnection of

networks.

 The second is the name of a specific world wide network.

 The most notable internet is called Internet (uppercase letter
I), in which connect more than hundreds of thousands
interconnected networks.

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 History of Internet
 The extraordinary communication system “Internet” came
into being in 1969.
 In mid-1960, mainframe computers in research organization
were stand-alone devices. Computers from different
manufacturers were unable to communicate with one
another.
 The ARPA in the DoD was interesting in in finding a way to
connect computers, so
 In 1967, at an Advance or Association for Computing
Machinery (ACM) meeting, ARPA presented its ideas for
ARPANET, a small network connected computes.
 The basic purpose to create a network that allows the
researchers of one university to able, to talk or share their
research to Researchers computers.
 The network was designed to work without centralized control.
 This means if one portion of network fails or destroy in disaster or
in military attack, the remaining portion will be able to route
packets from sender to receiver through alternate path.
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 Intranet
 An Intranet is an organization network,
 that uses Internet protocols, network connectivity to
securely share part of an organization information or
operation with its employee.
 An intranet belonging to an organization, usually a
corporation, accessible only by the organization's
members, employees, or others with authorization.

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 Extranet
 An Extranet is designed to connect the offices of a large
organization situated in metropolitan area.
 Extranet is simply an external network.
 Intranet is accessible only to people who are members of
the same company or organization,
 An extranet provides various levels of accessibility to
outsiders like a company with its customers, suppliers, or
other business partners.
 You can access an extranet only if you have a valid
username and password.
 Extranets are becoming a very popular means for
business partners to exchange information.

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 Internet Service Provider
 Internet has linked numerous LANs into huge network.
 The LANs and computer connected to internet is maintained
by Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
 ISP sells internet services to cetizen.
 Today most end users who want Internet connection use the
services of ISPs.
 There are :
 International ISPs,
 National ISPs,
 Regional ISPs and
 Local ISPs.

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 Internet Service Provider (Cont’d)

 The International ISPs that connect nations together.

 The National ISPs are backbone networks created and

maintained by specialized companies.
 The Regional ISPs are smaller ISPs that are connected to one or
more national ISPs.
 The Local ISPs provide direct services to the end users.
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 Internet Service Provider (Cont’d)

 ISP (Internet Service Provider) List of Pakistan

 ISP City Website
 Asia Net Lahore
www.asia.net.pk
 Brain Net Karachi, Lahore www.brain.net.pk
 Click Online Peshawar www.click.net.pk
 Comsats Islamabad, Karachi www.comsats.net.pk
 Cyber Access Karachi www.cyberaccess.com.pk
 Cyber Net Karachi www.cyber.net.pk
 Dancom Online Karachi www.dancom.com.pk
 Excel Net Islamabad www.excel-xl.net
 Expert Net Okara www.xpert.net.pk
 Iqra Net Peshawar www.iqranet.net
 Micro Net Islamabad www.micro.net.pk

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 Internet Address
 Every computer on the Internet has a unique Internet
address (similar to telephone number), which can be
accessed any other computer by dialing to the other IP
address.
 The existing version now-e-days IP VER-4.
 Static IP addresses
 When a computer uses the same IP address every time it
connects to the network, it is known as a Static IP address. In
contrast.
 Dynamic IP addresses
 In situations when the computer's IP address changes
frequently (such as when a user logs on to a network through
dialup), it is called a Dynamic IP address
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 World Wide Web
 WWW
 The World Wide Web (commonly abbreviated as "the Web") is a
system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet
 Introduced in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee
 Allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based
documents
 It allows users to explore and retrieve text and graphics from web
sites.
 Transferring text and graphics simultaneously
 Client/Server data transfer protocol
 Uses:
 Applications, E-mail, Product Display, Catalogs, Order placement
 W3C
 Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee
 Devoted to developing non-proprietary and interoperable
technologies for the World Wide Web and making the Web
universally accessible
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 World Wide Web (Cont’d)
 Web site
 A web site is a collection of web pages with some common
ownership
 Like books, Web sites contain information and consist of pages.
 A Web site may consist of many pages or just a single page.
 Web page
 A World Wide Web page
 The individual pages that make up a Web site.
 You can view a single Web page at a time.
 Home page
 When accessing a Web site, the first page displayed is usually the
Home page. Often, like a book’s table of contents, it gives
information about what is available on that site.
 This is simply the first page displayed when you connect to the
Internet, or, the starting point of your Internet session.

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 Web Browser
 Application Software that allows users to view Web content such
as text, images, videos, music, games and other information
located on a web page at a web site on the www. Or
 A program on a computer that accepts requests for information,
processes the requests and allows you to navigate to resources
on the Internet.
 Microsoft Internet Explorer
 Mozilla Firefox
 Netscape Navigator
 Google Chrome
 Web browsers were introduced by companies like Mozilla,
Netscape, and Microsoft. More recently, Google entered the
browser market.
 On the Web, you navigate--commonly known as browsing or
surfing

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 Web Browser (Cont’d)
 Hyperlinks/ Links
 One way to navigate the WWW is by clicking on a link.
 A link is an area of a Web page that, when you click on it, will
take you from the page you are presently viewing to another
page either within the same site or to an entirely different
site.
 Links can be anything on a page.
 Examples:
 Graphical or textual elements
 Underlined text; Images; color varies but is often blue,
Objects in motion etc

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 URL
 Uniform Resource Locator is a fancy term for the address of a
World Wide Web page or other resource.
 Used to identify web pages
 Example: http://www.vbs.com/welcome/main.html
Protocol Hostname File Path
 The first part is protocol “http://”
 Second is host name (name.domain name) or is the Fully
Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).
 This name identifies the web site containing the page.
 The term “FQDN" refers to a complete website or other
computer's name on the Internet.
 The term "domain name" usually refers only to the last part of
the host name, in this case “vbs.com”, which has been
registered for that particular company's exclusive use.
 The 3rd part of the URL “welcome/main.html” is the path at
which this particular web page is located on the web server.
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 Domain Name System
 DNS server translate symbolic name (such as
www.upesh.edu.pk)
www.upesh.edu.pk into numerical IP address.
 Symbolic names are a great convenience because they are
easier to remember than numerical addresses.
 Domain Name System (DNS) is a database which keeps
track of computer’s names and their corresponding IP
addresses on the Internet.
 It’s like a phone book.
 DNS helps users to find their way around the Internet.
 http://www.google.com here the domain name is google.
Com
 The www is not necessary and most commercial sites
register their name both with and without it.
 ICANN, is responsible for managing and coordinating the
DNS.

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 Domain Name System (Cont’d)

 The .edu is the top level domain – the top level in which a
site wants to register.
 The second level domain is typically the company or brand
name for most marketers.
. (root)

Top-level
org edu gov com Domains

uci.edu toronto.edu

math.toronto.edu ece.toronto.edu

neon.ece.toronto.edu

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 Domain Name System (Cont’d)

.com it is used for commercial websites.

They earn money from advertisements e.g. www.yahoo.com
.edu it is used for educational websites e.g. www.lums.edu.pk

.gov Government institutions

.org Non-profit organizations

.mil Used for military websites e.g. www.usa.mil

.net Networking organizations. It represents an organization that is

working on network
.ca Canada
.th Thailand

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 Protocols
 A communication protocol is set of rules that control data
communication.
 The protocol determine the following:
 The types of errors
 How the sending device will indicate that it has finished
sending a message.
 How the receiving device will indicate that it has received a
message.

 A protocol defines what is communicated, how it is

communicated, and when it is communicated.

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 Protocols Cont’d

 http://
 HTTP is the protocol that supports communication between web
browsers and web servers.
 The heart of the Web
 Protocol for client/server communication
 Very simple request/response protocol
 Client sends request message,

 server replies with response message

 Stateless
 Do not confuse this with the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).
HTML is a language used to write web pages.

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 Protocols Cont’d
 FTP
 FTP is the standard mechanism provides for a copying a file
from one host to another.
 SMTP
 SMTP is used for transferring electronic mail.
 SMTP connects to remote machines and transfer mail
message
 POP
 POP is an older method used by programs Netscape to send
and receive email from and to a mail server.

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 Server
 Server is computer that provides network resources or services.
 Server based network also called client-server network, containing
Client & the server that support them.
 The Web is known as a client-server system. Your computer is the
client; the remote computers that store electronic files are the
servers. Examples include file, print or communication servers.

     

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 Bandwidth
 Bandwidth refers to the capacity of transmission media.
 The total media capacity or bandwidth can be divided into
channels.
 A channel is simply a portion of the bandwidth that can be
used for transmitting data.

 Backbone
 A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major
pathway within a networks.
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 Modem
 MODEM short for modulator/demodulator.
 A device, either internal or external, which connects the user
to their ISP, which in tern connects the user to the internet.
 The modem is necessary because the phone network transmits
audio, not data bits.
 Modulation is a prescribed method of encoding digital (or
analog) signals onto a waveform (the carrier signal).
 Once encoded, the original signal may be recovered by an
inverse process called demodulation.

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