Science 8, Quarter 1, Week 3

Work and Energy

Prepared by: JAME-SON G.
JUBANE
Most Essential Learning Competency

●Identify and explain the

factors that affect
potential and kinetic
energy. (S8FE-la-16)
 Learning Objectives:

Relate the Calculate

Differentiate speed and Relate potential
the kinetic energy to work.
potential and position of an
object to the energy of a Calculate the
kinetic
energy. amount of moving change in
energy body. potential
possessed by energy of a
a body. body.
DAY 1
 ACTIVITY 1: JUMPING JACKS

Objective: Differentiate potential and kinetic energy.

What you need: paper and pen
What to do:
1. Let the family members assume a standing X position,
with arms above their shoulders in a wide V and legs apart in
an inverted V.
2. Tell them to hold the position, and explain that they are
storing potential energy, just waiting to be converted into
kinetic energy -- energy in motion.
3. Allow them to do a jumping jack. Explain that, as they
move, they're creating kinetic energy; at each pause, their
bodies are holding potential energy.
 GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. Based on the performed activity, how would you

differentiate kinetic energy from potential energy?
2. What part of the activity is potential energy
possessed by your family member?
3. What part of the activity is kinetic energy
possessed by your family member?
In Physics, work done by a constant force of magnitude F on a point that moves
a displacement, d in the direction of the force is the product:

W = Fd
Where: W= work done
F = force
d = displacement
WORK Unit of force = kg m/s2 or newton, N

The unit, joule (J) is named after the English Physicist

James Prescott Joule. This is also a unit of energy. One (1)
Joule is equal to the work done or energy expended in
applying a force of one Newton through a distance of one
meter.
 For example, a woman is pushing a grocery cart
with a 500 Newton force along the 7 meters aisle,
how much work is done in pushing the cart from
one end of the aisle to the other?
WORK Solution:
DONE
W = Fd
W = 500N (7m)
W = 3500 Nm
W = 3500 J
 Work is done if the object you push
moves a distance in the direction
towards which you are pushing.

No work is done if the force you exert

WORK does not make the object move.

No work is done if the force you exert

does not make the object move in the
same direction as the force you
exerted.
 also known as Energy of Motion is the
energy of a moving object.

The word Kinetic comes from the

Kinetic Greek word kinetikos which means
Energy moving.
(KE) The amount of kinetic energy possessed
by an object depends directly upon the
square speed (or velocity). An increase in
speed will increase the kinetic energy.
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics

1 2

Kinetic Energy Formula

● The unit for mass KE = ½ x mass x
is kg while for velocity
velocity it is KE = ½ (kg)(m/s)2
meter per KE = ½ (Nm or
second. Hence, joules (J)
the unit for Kinetic
Energy, KE is
Say for example, a 1000kg car has a velocity of
17 m/s. What is the car’s kinetic energy?

Solution: KE = ½mv2
KE = ½ (1000kg)(17m/s)2
KE = ½ (1000kg)(289m2/s2)
KE = ½ (289, 000 kg. m2/s2)
KE = 144, 500 J
 QUIZ TIME

1 3
2
● A ball has a A car with a mass of
mass of 2 kg ● A ball has a 1000 kg is moving
and travels mass of 10 at a speed of 30
at 10 m/s. kg and m/s. Calculate its
Calculate the travels at kinetic energy.
kinetic 100 m/s. Find
energy the kinetic
possessed by energy
 SOLUTIONS

1 3
2
● The kinetic The kinetic energy
energy ● The kinetic of the car is
possessed by energy 450,000 J.
the ball is possessed by
100 J the ball is
5000 J1.
DAY 2
 Activity 2: Speed Me Up!

Objective: Relate the speed and position of an

object to the amount of energy possessed by a
body.
What you need: paper and pen
What to do:
1. Read and understand the sentences below.
2. Fill in the missing words with choices from the box given.
 potential energy mass
gains
kinetic energy speed
loses
1. The amount of ________ energy possessed by an
object depends directly upon the square speed (or
velocity).
2. An increase in _______ will increase the kinetic
energy.
3. An object _______ potential energy when raised from
the ground.
4. An object _______ potential energy when made to fall.
 Potential Energy (PE) is the stored
energy. It is the energy of an object
above the ground. It has potential to
do work once released.
POTENTIAL The potential energy gained and lost by
ENERGY an object is dependent on the reference
level. Gravity is the force that the earth
exerts on all objects on its surface.

It is always directed downward or towards the center of the earth.

Hence, when an object is lifted from the ground, the work done is
against the force of gravity.
 An object gains energy when raised
from the ground and loses energy
when made to fall.
POTENTIAL The energy gained or lost by the object is
ENERGY called gravitational potential energy or
simply potential energy (PE).
 For example when a 1.0 kg book is lifted
0.5 m from the table, the force exerted in
lifting the book is equal to its weight.
F = Weight = mg
 The acceleration due to gravity, g is equal to
9.8 m/s2.
 The work done in lifting the book is W = Fd
 Where the displacement (d) is the height (h)
to which the object is lifted.
 W = mgh
 This shows that the work done in lifting an
object is equal to the potential energy gained
by the object. PE = mgh
 The potential energy of the book lifted at 0.5m
relative to the table is:

PE = (1kg)(9.8 m/s2)(0.5m)
PE = 4.9 J
DAY 3
 Activity 3: The Kinetic In Me!

Objective: Calculate the kinetic energy of a

moving body.

1. A 9,000kg bus has a velocity of 15 m/s. What is

the kinetic energy of the bus?

2. At a velocity of 20m/s, a 10,000kg truck is

traveling across the street. What is the truck’s
kinetic energy?
 Activity 4: How Potential Am I?

Objective: Relate potential energy to work.

1. A 2.0kg book is lifted to 0.8m above the table,

how much work is done?

2. Based on problem number 1, how much

potential energy is done relative to the table?
 SOLUTIONS

1 3
2
● The kinetic The kinetic energy
energy ● The kinetic of the car is
possessed by energy 450,000 J.
the ball is possessed by
100 J the ball is
5000 J1.
DAY 4
 Activity 5: How Potential Am I (Part 2)

Objective: Calculate the change in potential

energy of a body.

1. A 1.5kg book is lifted to 0.4m above the table.

a. How much potential energy is possessed by the

book?
b. If the book fell, how much potential energy is
possessed by the book if it is now 0.2m above the
floor?
 SOLUTIONS

1 3

A 1.5kg book is lifted to 0.4m b. If the book fell, how much

above the table. potential energy is
a. How much potential energy possessed by the book if it
is possessed by the book? is now 0.2m above the
floor?
PE = (1.5kg)(9.8 m/s2 )(0.4m)
PE = 5.88J PE = (1.5kg)(9.8 m/s2 )
(0.2m)
PE = 2.94J
 THE END.
THANK YOU
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Kinetic energy Potential energy

Jupiter is the biggest

Mercury is a small planet Mercury planet

Venus has a toxic

atmosphere Venus Saturn is the ringed planet

Neptune is far away from

Earth is the planet with life Mars us

Mars was named after a

god Earth Pluto is very small
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
According to what you’ve learned. Mark the
correct answer of the following statements

What is kinetic energy? When an object is

Static In motion
Kinetic energy
Vibration doesn’t count as kinetic energy
Earth is the third planet
from the Sun and the True False
only one that harbors
life in the Solar System. Which kinetic energy is multiplied by the speed of
This is where we all live light?
on
Relativistic Rotational
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics

50% Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Mercury
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun
30%
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Energy through action

Venus Mercury Jupiter

2 4 6

1 3 5
Earth Mars Saturn
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics

Main
topic

Earth Mercury

Jupiter Venus Saturn

Saturn is a gas
Jupiter is a gas Venus has a
giant. It’s
giant and the beautiful name and
composed of
biggest planet in extremely high
hydrogen and
the Solar System temperatures
helium
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Mercury Mars
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun and is actually a cold place.
the smallest one of It’s also full with oxide
them all dust

Kinetic
energy

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is a gas giant It’s a gas giant and has
and the biggest planet several rings. It’s
in the Solar System composed of hydrogen
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Energy types

1 2 3
Mercury Jupiter Saturn
Mercury is the Jupiter is a gas giant Saturn is composed
closest planet to the and the biggest of hydrogen and
Sun planet helium
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
● Mercury is the closest
Mercury planet to the Sun
Mercury is quite a ● Earth is the only planet
small planet that harbors life

Main Mars ● Jupiter is a gas giant and

the biggest planet
topic Despite being red, ● Saturn is composed of
Mars is cold hydrogen and helium

● Neptune is the farthest

Jupiter planet from the Sun
Jupiter is the
● Ceres is located in the
biggest planet of
main asteroid belt
them all
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Drag the following words to the correct box

Candle Walking Rubber Bouncing Battery

Moving car Gasoline Fruit Match Waterfall

Kinetic energy Potential energy

Moving car Candle
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Mars is actually a cold
M Mechanical place

Venus has a beautiful

E Electrical name

Jupiter is the biggest

L Light planet

Neptune is far away from

T Thermal us

S Sound Saturn has several rings

 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Concept 1

Concept 2

Concept 3

Concept 4

Concept 5

Activity A Activity B Activity C Activity D

 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Earth

Venus Mars

Mercury Jupiter Neptune Mars

Despite being
Mercury is the Jupiter is a gas Neptune is the
red, Mars is
closest planet to giant and the farthest planet
actually a very
the Sun biggest planet from the Sun
cold place
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Potential energy Kinetic energy
Mercury is the closest planet to Venus is the second planet from
1. the Sun and the smallest one
5. the Sun

Jupiter is the biggest planet in Neptune is the farthest planet

2. the Solar System
6. from the Sun

Saturn is a gas giant and has The Sun is the star at the
3. several rings
7. center of the Solar System

Despite being red, Mars is Earth is the only planet that

4. actually a cold place
8. harbors life
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the Jupiter is a gas giant
closest planet to the and the biggest
Sun planet

● Ceres is located in the

main asteroid belt
● Earth is the only Neptune Mars
planet that harbors
life Neptune is the Despite being red,
● Saturn is a gas giant farthest planet Mars is actually a
with several rings from the Sun very cold place
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Potential energy Kinetic energy

VS.

7/10 5/10
Venus has a beautiful
Jupiter is a huge gas giant
name, but also an
named after the Roman
extremely poisonous
god of skies and lightning
atmosphere
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics

15% 25% 50% 90%

Mercury Jupiter Neptune Mars

Despite being
Mercury is the Jupiter is a gas Neptune is the
red, Mars is
closest planet to giant and the farthest planet
actually a very
the Sun biggest planet from the Sun
cold place
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
According to what you’ve learned. Mark each box with the correct answer

Which of the following is kinetic energy?

Person
Person Person Ball
jumpin
walking sitting falling
g

Which of the following is potential energy?

Parked Ripe Yo-yo Water
car fruit falling running
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics

Earth
Earth is the third

1 2 3 planet from the

Sun and the only
one that harbors
life in the Solar
Jupiter Neptune Mars System. This is
Despite being where we all live
Jupiter is a gas Neptune is the
red, Mars is on
giant and the farthest planet
actually a very
biggest planet from the Sun
cold place
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics

Jupiter Neptune
Jupiter is a gas Neptune is the
giant and the farthest planet
biggest planet from the Sun

Mercury Mars
Despite being
Mercury is the
red, Mars is
closest planet to
actually a very
the Sun
cold place
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
In the box below, draw an example of kinetic energy

Earth is the third

planet from the
Sun and the only Describe what you understand about kinetic energy
one that harbors
life in the Solar
System. This is
where we all live
on
 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Choose the correct answer

Kinetic energy is: Potential energy is:

Venus has a very toxic
Pluto is a dwarf planet atmosphere
Ceres is in the main asteroid
belt Earth is where we all live on
The Moon is Earth’s natural
satellite Mars is full of iron oxide dust
Jupiter doesn’t have a solid
Mercury is a very small planet surface
Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Venus Venus has a toxic atmosphere

Mercury Mercury is very a small planet

It is the planet where we live

Main topic Earth on

Mars Mars was named after a god

Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet

 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Saturn is a gas giant and has
rings

Earth
Neptune is far away from us
Earth is the
planet where
we all live on
Despite being red, Mars is cold

Jupiter is the biggest planet

Mercury is the smallest planet

 Physics class for kids: kinetic energy
infographics
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Mercury Sun and the smallest one of them all

It’s the second-brightest natural

Venus object in the night sky after the Moon

Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest

Jupiter planet in the Solar System
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