Medieval
Europe
in High and Late Middle Ages
Culture, Vikings, Papal State,
England, France, Germany, Kievan
Rus, Poland, Bohemia, Crusades
Contents:
Specific features of medieval culture of
western Europe
Medieval Scandinavia - Vikings
Medieval England and British Isles
Medieval France
Holy Roman Empire
Kingdoms of East-Central Europe –
Kievan Rus‘, Poland – Lithuania,
Bohemia
Crusades
Studying materials:
BARTL, J., KAMENICKÝ, M., VALACHOVIČ, P.: DEJEPIS pre
1. ročník gymnázií. SPN : Bratislava, 2000. s. 131 – 187.
BADA, M., BOCKOVÁ, A. et al.: DEJEPIS pre 1. ročník
gymnázií a stredných škôl. SPN : Bratislava, 2013. s. 84
– 106.
ILAVSKÝ, M.: History in a Textbook. Equilibria : Košice,
2016. s. 50 – 68.
KLUČINA, P.: Vojny sveta 2, Vojenské dejiny – Stredná
Európa, ...
WESTERN MEDIEVAL CULTURE
Latin language: but only clergy were literate
Papacy: Pope – 1st bishop of Rome,
Papal state, councils, dogmas, inquisition, crusades
against heathens
Heresy in Europe: albigens, katars, hussites
Monastic orders: benedictins, dominicans,
fransiscans – monasteries, hospitals
Universities: Bologna, Salamanca, Sorbone, Oxford,
Cambridge, Cracow, Prague,...
Medieval architecture: Romanesque (8th-13th century)
Gothic (12th-15th century)
Compulsory task:
Explain these terms!
Lingua Franca Avignon Black Death
rosette papacy flying butress
Studium Council of round vault
Generale Konstanz Canossa walk
scriptorium hermit gargoyle
side nave regula Gregory I the
4 faculties pointed arch Great
Great Schism Gaudeamus 7 Liberal Arts
Investiture Igitur stained glass
Controversy iluminated
bubonic manuscripts
plague double papacy
Describe the pictures!
- Celts retreated to perifery parts of
Britain, where 4 kingdoms survived:
Cornwall
Wales
Scotland (Picts,
Scots/Scotch)
Ireland
- they mixed into Anglo-Saxons
- 7 Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Wessex,
Sussex, Essex, Kent, Mercia, North Umbria and
East Anglia
IRELAND:
one of first Christian
countries, missionary Saint
Patrick
the most famous king
Brian Boru (1002-1014),
his favourite musical
instrument lyre – symbol of
Ireland
conquered by the English in
13th century
TheThe
Book of Kells
Secret of Kells:
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=lw2_HZTuQBE
PERIOD OF VIKING INVASIONS (8th-9th
century)
in 8th century nordic Danes invaded
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and created
their own domain, called Danelaw –
king Knut the Dane
NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND
Normans – romanized Vikings from northern France
Harold the king of Wessex vs. duke of Normandy
William
Battle of Hastings (1066): Normans defeated
Anglo-Saxons
William I the Conqueror - King of England
Alfred the Great (871-
899), king of Wessex, united
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and
his army defeated Danes
during his reign:
development of culture,
education and state
administration
by the 11th century the kings
of Wessex ruled England
https://www.csfd.cz/film/14763-al
fred-veliky/prehled/
Battle of Hastings
depicted
on Bayeaux
tapestry
by re-enactment
group
Consenquences of the
Hastings
Norman knights became English
nobility
French - official language in
England
castles
“Doomsday book” (1086)
`However William became the King
of England, he was the Duke of
Normandy at same time, thus he
was a vassal of King of France, so
England was actually the feudum of
France. That caused wars between
France and England in upcoming
centuries...`
FAMOUS KINGS OF MEDIEVAL ENGLAND
Henry I: “Great Council”
Henry II Anjou: House of Plantagenets;
Richard I the Lionheart: war against France, 3rd crusade, captured
by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, released after paying ransom
John Lackland: 1215 - `Great Charter` (Magna charta
libertatum) - liberties for nobility, more nobles became members
of the Great Council –“Parliament” - power of the king was limited
(!)
Edward I Longshank: conquered Wales, invasion to Scotland
`Scotland´s revolt of William Wallace, captured and executed in 1297,
but king Robert the Bruce defeated English army in 1314 at Battle of
Bannockburn and Scotland seized independence for 150 years...`
Edward II: weak king, needed loans, so he provided towns with
seats in the Parliament
Henry III: invaded France to seize the English domains back and to
support revolt of Flamish towns against the French
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5itoF8OBbM
Describe pictures!
England lost the 100 years´ war (1337-
1453) economy and population was
devastated
WAR OF THE ROSES (1455-1485)
House of Lancaster vs. House of
York
the grandest decline in the history of England
1485 - Battle of Bosworth: Richard III was
defeated by Henry Tudor, last of the
Lancasters
he married Elizabeth of York – as a king Henry
VII, he established new dynasty – House
of Tudors
https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=TEm4SrS
NTkQ
100 Years´ War (1337 – 1453)
Cause of war: English
claimed the throne of
France, resistance of
Flamish towns against
French taxes
Belligerents:
England + allies
Burgundy, Flanders, Venice
France + allies Holy
Roman Empire, Bohemia,
Scotland, Castile, Genoa
Famous battles:
Crécy (1346)
Poitiers (1356)
Orléans (1429)
Joan of Arc, young peasant girl believed to have
visions sent from God, later captured by Burgundians
and sold to the English who burnt her at stake for
herecy in 1431. "The Maid of Orléans„ was later
proclaimed the saint and the patron of France
Castillon (1453): final French victory
Joan of Arc by Luc Besson:
Causes of English defeat:
new weaponery and tactics
England had problems to supply garrison in
France
Burgundy changed sides
Consequences (results) of war:
War of the Roses in England
Louis XI built strong, centralised monarchy
massive use of fire weapons in Europe
changed the medieval
Jean D‘Arc: warfare
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4Xxlm5rbhI
Recommended movies about middle ages:
https://www.csfd.cz/film/241254-agora/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/166-jmeno-ruze/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/19768-bratr-slunce-sestra-luna/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/19952-ve-sluzbach-papeze/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/345055-ranhojic/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/322131-vikingove/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/190323-viking/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/14763-alfred-veliky/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/27005-ivanhoe/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/1772-vikingove/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/7683-robin-hood-kral-zbojniku/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/77064-robin-hood/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/3297-statecne-srdce/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/15148-al-pacino-richard-iii/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/774-johanka-z-arku/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/84682-valka-volu/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/399714-posledni-kral/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/91388-krizaci/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/178906-kralovstvi-nebeske/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/245660-arn-riket-vid-vagens-slut/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/9353-udoli-vcel/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/723-sedma-pecet/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/9342-marketa-lazarova/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/9455-kladivo-na-carodejnice/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/23440-noc-na-karlstejne/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/32345-andrej-rublev/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/32363-alexandr-nevsky/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/9453-jan-hus/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/9454-jan-zizka/prehled/
https://www.csfd.cz/film/9479-proti-vsem/prehled/
Thanks for your
attention!
Good luck for the test!
Author: Miron Breznoščák
Sources: author, google images,
en.wikipedia.org
Gymnázium Andreja Kmeťa
Banská Štiavnica
2017
