PRESENTED BY:

AASTHA KUMARI
Sarala Birla University
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY
(2023-24)
 “ANATOM Y A ND
PHYSIOLOGY OF TH E
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM”
UNDERSTANDING THE JOURNEY OF
FOOD...
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1
The major
objective of eating
food is to get
nutrients.
The conversion of complex food into simple and
2 absorable form is known as DIGESTION and the
system that performs the process of digestion
is known as
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
PARTS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ;
Mouth
• The mouth is the beginning of the
digestive tract. In fact, digestion
starts before you even take a bite.
Your salivary glands get active as
you see and smell that pasta dish or
warm bread. After you start eating,
you chew your food into pieces that
are more easily digested. Your saliva
mixes with the food to begin to break
it down into a form your body can
absorb and use. When you swallow,
your tongue passes the food into
your throat and into your esophagus.
PARTS OF DIGESIVE SYSTEM ;

Esophagus
• Located in your throat near your
trachea (windpipe), the esophagus
receives food from your mouth
when you swallow. The epiglottis is
a small fl ap that folds over your
windpipe as you swallow to prevent
you from choking (when food goes
into your windpipe). A series of
muscular contractions within the
esophagus called peristalsis
delivers food to your stomach.
STOMACH

• The three types of

It is a J shaped pouch like enzymes that act on food
structure . in stomach:
It lies in the left side of abdominal
cavity. i. AMYLASE : Digestion
CAPACITY ; 30ML-1.5L of carbohydrates.
It secreates digestive fluid called ii. LIPASE : Digestion of
gastric juice. fat and oil.
It receives food from oesophagus.
It secretes gastric juice into bolus iii. TRYPSENE : Digestion
and convert it into chyme. of protein.
SMALL INTESTINE
1 Made up of three segments — the duodenum, jejunum,
and ileum — the small intestine is a 7.5M long muscular
tube that breaks down food using enzymes released by the
pancreas and bile from the liver. Peristalsis also works in
this organ, moving food through and mixing it with
digestive juices from the pancreas and liver.

2 The duodenum is the first segment of 3 Contents of the small intestine start
the small intestine. It’s largely out semi-solid and end in a liquid
responsible for the continuous form after passing through the organ.
breaking-down process. The jejunum Water, bile, enzymes and mucus
and ileum lower in the intestine are contribute to the change in
consistency. Once the nutrients have
mainly responsible for the absorption
been absorbed and the leftover-food
of nutrients into the bloodstream. residue liquid has passed through the
small intestine, it then moves on to
the large intestine (colon).
 LARGE INTESTINE

1 Large intestine absorbs water 2 Major part of large intestine is

and vitamins.......... ceceum other name of it is
appendix..............

3 Its length is 1.5M. 4 It is further divided into 5

parts.

5 a) CECEUM
b) ASCENDING COLON
c) DESENDING COLON
d) TRANSVERSE COLON
e) SIGMOID COLON
 RECTUM and ANUS
RECTUM : ANUS :
It is of 12cm. Anus is the final portion of
It stores the remaining waste of food. gastrointestinal tract the undigested
It opens outside through anus. and unabsorbed food that is simply
The unabsorbed substances that is called faeces are excreted out from
stored in it is called faecus. the body through anus.

.
 Pancreas
 The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum that break down protein,
fats and carbohydrates. The pancreas also makes insulin, passing it directly into the
bloodstream. Insulin is the chief hormone in your body for metabolizing sugar.
Liver
 The liver has many functions, but its main job within the digestive system is to process the
nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. Bile from the liver secreted into the small
intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat and some vitamins.The liver is your
b o d y ' s c h e m i c a l " f a c t o r y. " I t t a k e s t h e r a w m a t e r i a l s a b s o r b e d b y t h e i n t e s t i n e a n d m a k e s a l l
the various chemicals your body needs to function.The liver also detoxifies potentially harmful
c h e m i c a l s . I t b r e a k s d o w n a n d s e c r e t e s m a n y d r u g s t h a t c a n b e t o x i c t o y o u r b o d y.

Gallbladder
 T h e g a l l b l a d d e r s t o r e s a n d c o n c e n t r a t e s b i l e f r o m t h e l i v e r, a n d t h e n r e l e a s e s i t i n t o t h e
duodenum in the small intestine to help absorb and digest fats.
 overview
The digestive system processes food for nutrient
absorption and waste elimination. It includes
organs like the stomach, liver, and intestines,
working together with enzymes to break down and
absorb nutrients.
Now lets answer some questions...
Thank you
KEEP SMILING !! HAVE A GOOD DAY !!