“CAS A G R A
S F O R M AT I V E
T RA N
H I P T H E O R Y”
LEADE R S
A g r a v a n t e
. C a r o l i n a
Sr
Sr. Carolina
Agravante
Sr. Carolina Agravante, SPC, RN,
Phd
• She is famous for being the fi rst Filipina
theorist for writing the CASAGRA
Transformative Leadership Model.
• The title of the theory was derived from
her name, CArolina S. AGRAvante. “Focus
on the type of leadership in nursing that
can challenge the values of the changing
world.
• She fi nished her secondary education at St.
Paul University Manila (formerly St. Paul
College- Manila) as class salutatorian.
• In 1964, earned BS Nursing degree in the
same school as magna cum laude. In the
same year, she passed the nurse licensure
examinations.
• From 1967 to 1969, studied Master’s
Degree in Nursing scholar. Education at
Catholic University of America as a full-
• In 2002, earned Doctoral Degree in
Philosophy at University of the Philippines
Manila- the same year her theory was
published
C o n c e p t
s
• Servant-leader formula is the enrichment
package prepared as intervention for the
study which has three parts that parallel
the three concepts of the CASAGRA
transformative leadership model, namely:
the care complex primer, a retreat-
workshop on Servant-leadership, and a
seminar-workshop on Tranformative
Teaching for nursing faculty
• Transformative teaching may also
be termed Refl ective teaching, an
umbrella term covering ideas,
such as thoughtful instruction,
teacher research, teacher
narrative, and teacher
empowerment.
• Care complex is the nucleus of
care experiences in the
personality of a nurse formed by
a combination of maternal care
experiences, culture based-care
practices indigenous to a race
and people, and the professional
training on care acquired in a
The model is a Three-Fold Transformation
Leadership Concept rolled into one comprising
of the following elements:
a. Servant- Leader Spirituality
b. Self- Mastery expressed in a vibrant care
complex;
c. Special Expertise level in the nursing fi eld
one is engaged in.
• Care complex is the nucleus of
care experiences in the
personality of a nurse formed by
a combination of maternal care
experiences, culture based-care
practices indigenous to a race
and people, and the professional
training on care acquired in a
Three-Fold Transformation Leadership
I.
Concept
The Servant- Leadership Spirituality here is
prescribed to run parallel to the generic elements
of the transformative leadership model. This
formula consists of a spiritual exercise the
determination of the vitality of the care complex
in the personality of an individual and fi nally a
seminar workshop on transformative teaching.
Three-Fold Transformation Leadership
II.
Concept
The Self- Mastery consists of a vibrant care
complex possessed to a certain degree by all who
have been through formal studies in a care giving
profession such as nursing
III. The Special- Expertise level is shown in a
creative, caring, critical, contemplative and
collegial teaching of the nurse faculty who is
directly involved with the formation of the nursin
Theory Classifi ed
The CASAGRA Transformative Leadership Theory is
classifi ed as a Practice Theory basing on the
characteristics of a Practice Theory stated by McEwen
(2007), which are the following:
a. Complexity / Abstractness, Scope -
Focuses on a narrow view of reality, simple
and straightforward
b. Generalizibility /Specifi city - Linked to a
special populations or an identifi ed fi eld of
practice
c. Characteristic of Scope – Single,
concrete concept that is
operationalized;
d. Characteristic of Proposition –
Propositions defi ned
e. Testability – Goals or outcomes
defi ned and testable
f. Source of Development – Derived
from practice or deduced from middle
Strengths
• It provided the task of the formation of the
nurse leaders at the baccalaureate level so that
the profession assured the graduates possess
the mind and heart of a nursing leader who is of
the nursing profession.
-It can also be use in other educational settings
not just on nursing profession
Weakness/
• Limitations
CASAGRA transformative leadership
limits only on Roman Catholic and
Christians nursing educators; it did not
consider other religion to this study. In
the Philippines we have a variety of
religion present. Every religion has its
own traditions and practices to be
considered
Weakness/ Limitations
• According to the study, the control
and study groups were selected from
the same faculty in the two schools, it
is highly possible that experience
could have been discussed casually in
faculty room and in some way must
contaminated the intervention.
IMPLICATIONS TO NURSING
• One of the common roles taken by the nurse
PRACTICE
practitioner is the leadership role which is one
of the topics discussed in the CASAGRA
Transformative Leadership Model by Sr.
Carolina S. Agravante.
• In our shifts, it is important that one of the
nurses will take on the lead, in our institution,
it is the charge nurse who takes on this role.
The charge nurse will serve as the captain of
the ship, so it is vital that he or she take on
the job with outmost care and compassion.
IMPLICATIONS TO NURSING PRACTICE
• The servant-leader formula can be a
useful tool to charge nurses as this will
enable them to become leaders and
educators while following the footsteps of
our Lord, Jesus Christ.
• For nurse educators, they can apply this
concept by being passionate about their
craft. They can also show willingness to
impart their acquired knowledge to their
students and colleagues in a selfl ess way.
IMPLICATIONS TO NURSING
PRACTICE
• These educators, contemplate fi rst by
attending a vareity of workshops
regarding new trends in nursing, applying
evidenced- based practices through
patient simulation, and cascading it to the
target learning group
This concept was coined by Robert K. Greenleaf, and in
the later years, Larry S. Spears added that in order to
accomplish this concept, a servant leader should have
the following important characteristics:
1.Listening 6. Conceptualization
2.Empathy 7. Foresight
3.Healing 8. Stewardship
4.Awareness 9. Commitment to the growth of
people
5.Persuasion 10. Building community
T H A N K
YO U
