AN ORAL SIWES PRESENTATION
BY
FABUSORO VICTOR OLAMIDE
CHM/2020/1016
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF OYE-EKITI
16TH OCTOBER, 2024
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
LITERATURE REVIEW:CHEMISTRY OF
WATER
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
WATER QUALITY TEST
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme
(SIWES): A skills training program bridging
theoretical knowledge and practical experience
for Nigerian students.
Ekiti State Water Cooperation:
Provides safe and reliable water supply
services to Ekiti communities, ensuring
sustainable water management practices.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
Aim: To gain practical experience and skills in the water
industry through a 6 weeks industrial training at Ekiti State
Water Cooperation.
Objectives:
1. Understand the operations and management of a water
treatment plant.
2. Learn water quality analysis and testing procedures.
3. Familiarize myself with water distribution networks and
maintenance.
4. Develop skills in customer service and public relations.
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
Water Treatment Plant Process
1. Coagulation and Flocculation:
Chemicals added to remove dirt
and impurities.
2. Sedimentation: Heavy particles
settle to bottom.
3. Filtration: Water passes
through filters (sand, gravel,
membranes).
4. Disinfection: Chlorine, ozone,
or UV light kill bacteria and
viruses.
5. Storage and Distribution:
Treated water stored and
distributed to consumers.
WATER QUALITY TEST
Instruments used in water quality tests
Conductivity
Autoclave Measuring cylinder PH meter
meter
Weighing
Oven Conical flask Pipette
balance
Contd
pH Testing Procedure
Nitrate Testing Procedure
• Rinse each test tube with the water • Fill the sample bottle with sample water. Use gloves if
sample. Gloves should be worn to drawing the sample by hand.
• Rinse and fill one test tube to the 2.5 mL line with
avoid skin contact with the water.
water from the sample bottle.
• Fill the tube to the 5mL line with
• Dilute to the 5 mL line with the Mixed Acid Reagent.
sample water. Cap and mix. Wait 2 minutes.
• While holding a dropper bottle • Use the 0.1 g spoon to add one level measure (avoid
vertically, add 10 drops of Wide any 50-60 times in one minute). Wait 10 minutes.
• Insert the test tube into the Nitrate Nitrogen
Range Indicator Solution.
Comparator. Match the sample color to a color
• Cap and invert several times to mix.
standard. Record the result as mg/L(ppm) Nitrate
• Insert the tube into the Wide Range
Nitrogen (NO3-N). To convert to mg/Nitrate (NO3)
pH Comparator. Hold the comparator multiply by 4.4.
up to a light source. Match the • Place the reacted sample in a clearly marked
sample color to a color standard. container. Arrangements should be made with toxic
• Record the pH value. material handlers for safe disposal. Please wash your
hands after this water test is completed.
Contd
Free carbon test:
It is carried out to know the amount of carbon present in the water sample.
Free carbon and water react chemically to produce carbonic acid, which is a
weak acid that stimulate the same nerve receptors in your mouth as mustard.
• Measure 100ml of the sample using a measuring cylinder and transfer into a
beaker.
• Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein as indicator into the beaker and shake
carefully.
• Titrate immediately with sodium hydroxide (NAOH) until a pink colour is
obtained.
• Record your reading and calculate the carbon content by multiplying the
result by 10.
• Observation: The pH of carbonated water is 3-4, which means it is slightly
Contd
Total hardness (CaCO3)
CLASSIFICATI MG/L OR
Total hardness test is carried out to know the amount of ON PPM
CaCO3 and to also know how hard the water is.
Soft 0-17
• Measure 100ml of water sample using the measuring
cylinder and transfer it into a beaker 2ml of buffer
Slightly hard 17-60
solution into the beaker.
• Add few drops of Eriochrome black as indicator with
Moderately 60-120
ethylene dimethyl tetraacetic acid (EDTA) until a hard
blue color is obtained your reading. Hard 120-180
• Calculate the total hardness of the water sample by
multiplying the result by 10. Very hard 180---
Observation: Recommended range of total hardness in
drinking water is classified in mg/l or ppm.
CONCLUSION
The scheme has helped a lot by bridging the gap between
theory practices. As a result of this scheme I have been
acquainted with the use of certain machines and equipment on
their operation, how they are handled and maintained. The
scheme has broadened my horizon on the need for water
treatment for domestic and industrial purposes. The Processes
involved, the chemicals used and how they are applied are
silent knowledge gained as these will go a long way in
determining how pure the water is before being certified fit,
potable for drinking.
SELECTED REFERENCES
CRITTENDEN, JOHN C, ET AL, EDS (2005) WATER TREATMENT: PRINCIPLES
AND DESIGN. 2ND EDITION. HOBOKEN, NJ: WILEY. ISBN 0-471-11018-3
CALORIMETER, RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM/TOPICS/ENGINEERING/COLORIMETER
DEBENEDETTI, P.G. (2001).WATER QUALITY AND TREATMENT FIFTH EDITION.
DETERMINING WATER HARDNESS BY EDTA TITRATION
EDZWALD, JAMES K., ED. (2011) WATER QUALITY AND TREATMENT 6TH
EDITION. NEW YORK: MCGRAW HILL. ISBN 978-0-07163011-5 FILTER
BACKWASH RECYCLING RULE ACCESSED 2021-10-20
