EARTH SCIENCE
QUARTER 2
RONIE A. MATEO
EARTH SCIENCE
QUARTER 2
Erosion
and
Deposition
RONIE A. MATEO
Explain how the
products of
weathering are
Learning
Competency carried away by
erosion and
deposited
elsewhere.
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Understanding
Concepts
Presentation Title
Understanding
Concepts
Weathering occurs in situ, that
is, particles stay put and no
movement is involved. As soon
as the weathering product starts
moving (due to fluid flow) we call
the process erosion.
Weathering,
erosion/transportation, and
deposition are exogenic
processes that act in concert,
but in differing relative degrees,
to bring about changes in the
configuration of the Earth’s
surface.
Presentation Title
Understanding
Concepts
Erosion involves the
movement of the
weathered rock (now
soil, sand, or pebbles)
from their site of
weathering by the
agents of erosion such
as wind, moving water,
ice, gravity. Erosion
always follows
weathering
Presentation Title
Erosion
The main driving force
behind all agents of erosion
is gravity. Without gravity
the other major natural
agents of erosion such as:
wind, running water,
glaciers, waves, and rain
would not occur.
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“Running water” encompasses both
overland flow and stream flow. It is the most
universal and most agent of erosion. It
performs three important tasks: it erodes
the land surface, it transports debris, and Agents of
deposits materials on stream bottom or in
lakes.
Erosion
Factors that affect stream erosion and
deposition 1. Running
a. Velocity – dictates the ability of stream to Water
erode and transport; controlled by gradient,
channel size and shape, channel roughness,
and the amount of water flowing in the
channel
b. Discharge – volume of water passing
through a cross-section of a stream during a
given time; as the discharge increases, the
width of the channel, the depth of flow, or
flow velocity increase individually or
simultaneously.
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Agents of
Erosion
1. Running
Water
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tends to smooth irregular shorelines. Wind-
driven waves coming toward the shore will
affect parts of the wave affected by
bottom topography. Agents of
How waves erode and move sediment along Erosion
the shore.
a. Shoreline erosion processes: Hydraulic action,
2. Ocean or Sea
abrasion, corrosion
Waves
b. Transport by waves and currents: Longshore
current, beach drift
Features created by wave erosion and
deposition.
a. Erosional features: wave-cut cliff, wave-cut
platform, marine terrace, headland, stacks and sea
arches.
b. Depositional features: beach, spit, bay mouth
bar, tombolo, barrier island
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Longshore
current
beach drift
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EROSIONAL
FEATURES
WAVE CUT CLIFF/
PLATFORM
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MARINE
TERRACE
HEADLAND
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STACK
SEA ARCH
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BEACH
Depositional Features
SPIT
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BAY MOUTH
Depositional BAR
Features
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TOMBOLODepositional Features
BARRIER ISLAND
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Agents of
Erosion
2. Ocean or Sea
Waves
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Agents of
Erosion
2. Ocean or Sea
Waves
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Glaciers
a moving body of ice on land that moves
downslope or outward from an area of
accumulation. Agents of
Types of glaciers: Erosion
a. Valley (alpine) glaciers — bounded by
valleys and tend to be long and narrow
3. Glaciers
b. Ice sheets (continental glaciers) —
cover large areas of the land surface;
unconfined by topography. Modern ice
sheets cover Antarctica and Greenland.
c. Ice shelves — sheets of ice floating on
water and attached to the land. They
usually occupy coastal embayment.
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Agents of
Erosion
3. Glaciers
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Agents of
Erosion
3. Glaciers
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Wind erodes by deflation (removal
of loose, fine particles from the
surface), and abrasion (grinding
action and sandblasting) Deflation
Agents of Erosion
results in features such as blowout
and desert pavement. Abrasion 4. Wind
yields ventifacts and yardangs.
Wind, just like flowing water, can
carry sediments such as: (1) bed
load (consists of sand hopping and
bouncing through the process of
saltation), and (2) suspended load
(clay and silt-sized particles held
aloft).
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Agents of Erosion
4. Wind
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Blowout
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Desert
Pavement
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Yardangs
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Ventifacts
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The main erosional process
associated with groundwater
is solution. Slow-moving
groundwater cannot erode
rocks by mechanical
processes, as a stream does,
but it can dissolve rocks and Agents of Erosion
carry these off in solution.
5. Ground
This process is particularly water
effective in areas underlain by
soluble rocks, such as
limestone, which readily
undergoes solution in the
presence of acidic water.
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Agents of Erosion
5. Ground
water
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Agents of Erosion
5. Ground
water
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Rainwater reacts with
carbon dioxide from
atmosphere and soil to form a
solution of dilute carbonic
acid. This acidic water then
Agents of Erosion
percolates through fractures
and bedding planes, and 5. Ground
slowly dissolves the limestone water
by forming soluble calcium
bicarbonate which is carried
away in solution.
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Agents of Erosion
5. Ground
water
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Karst topography —a
distinctive type of landscape
which develops as a
consequence of subsurface
solution. It consists of an
Agents of Erosion
assemblage of landforms that
is most common in carbonate 5. Ground
rocks, but also associated water
with soluble evaporate
deposits.
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Karst
topography
36
Agents of Erosion
5. Ground
water
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(1) Cave/Cavern – forms when circulating
groundwater at or below the water table
dissolves. Carbonate rock along
interconnected fractures and bedding
planes. A common feature found in
caverns is dripstone, which is deposited
by the dripping of water containing
calcium carbonate. Dripstone features are
collectively called speleothems, and
include stalactites, stalagmites, and
Agents of Erosion
columns
5. Ground
(2) Sinkholes (Dolines) – circular water
depressions which form through
dissolution of underlying soluble rocks or
the collapse of a cave’s roof.
(3) Tower karst – tall, steep-sided hills
created in highly eroded karst regions.
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Agents of Erosion
5. Ground
water
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Agents of Erosion
5. Ground
water
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Agents of Erosion
5. Ground
water
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Mass wasting — the downslope
movement of soil, rock, and regolith
under the direct influence of gravity.
Agents of
Factors that control mass Erosion
wasting processes include:
a. As the slope angle increases, the
tendency to slide down the slope 6. Gravity
becomes greater.
b. Role of water: adds weight to the
slope, has the ability to change angle
of repose, reduces friction on a
sliding surface , and water pore
pressure reduces shear strength of
materials.
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Agents of
Erosion
6. Gravity
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Summary
What is an erosion??
What are the Agents
of Erosion?
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Thank you
RONIE A. MATEO
[email protected]
