Module 2
Part 1
Design Procedure: Design Spiral
• Illustrates the
– sequential course of ship design
– through the various design steps
– the repeating, iterative procedure for the
determination of ship dimensions and of other
properties and
– the gradual approach to the final stage of detailed
ship design
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Concept Design and Feasibility Study
• First Iteration Loop
• The mission or owner’s requirements translated into
technical ship characteristics
• Corresponds to a feasibility study.
• Preliminary estimations of the basic ship dimensions,
such as L, B, D, T, CB, powering PB etc. are made
• alternative design solutions fulfilling the owner’s
requirements are explored with respect to the
identification of the most economical solution
• Earlier - about 20 man-days.
• Nowadays – Just a day assuming a well-organized
design office with proper software and ship database
Preliminary Design
• Second to Fourth Iteration Loop
• More comprehensive elaboration of the various ship design
steps partly addressed in the first phase.
• Accurate determination of the ship’s main characteristics,
namely, L, B, D, T, CB and PB, so as to satisfy the owner’s
requirements and to correspond to an optimal solution with
respect to a set economic criterion.
• The outcome of the preliminary design forms the basis for
compilation of the shipbuilding contract between the owner
and the shipbuilder.
• Typically, the effort for finishing the work of this stage is
about 15 times larger than the estimated effort for the first
phase.
• The combination of phases a and b is also known as basic
design
• Contract Design
• Fifth Iteration Loop
• Completion of the necessary calculations and naval architectural drawings
• Drawing up of the technical specifications of the ship’s building, which all
form indispensable parts of the formal shipbuilding contract between the
shipowner and the appointed shipyard.
• Detailed description
– ship’s hull form through the faired ship lines plan
– the exact estimation of the powering for achieving the specified speed based on
model tests in a towing tank
– theoretical or experimental analysis of the behaviour of the designed ship in
waves (seakeeping studies, in general not conducted for common type merchant
ships),
– the analysis of the ship’s manoeuvring properties
– alternative propulsive systems (propeller–machine system), details of the ship’s
structural design, design of the ship’s auxiliary/supply networks (electric,
hydraulic, piping systems etc.)
– a more precise estimation of the individual ship weight components, of ship’s
total weight and the corresponding centroids.
– Effort is roughly 17 times more than the second phase
• Detailed Design
• Last phase of the ship design procedure
• Detailed design of all structural elements
• Setup of the technical specifications for ship’s construction and the fitting
of equipment
• Recipients of this information are the yard’s production units and the
external suppliers of mechanical equipment and other outfitting.
• All drawings and specifications
• Subsequent implementation of the designs into practice depends solely on
the capabilities of the shipyard’s production units
• Earlier this stage of design requires 60,000 man-days
• Today it is a small fraction of it depending on the availability of
experienced designers in the yard and the degree of applied IT technology
in the yard’s design and production departments.
• Main technical features and the construction cost of an economically
efficient vessel estimated.
• Shipyard may proceed with the preparation of a tender to the interested
ship owner
