Industrial Engineering
Source: Rochester Institute of Technology
Industrial Engineering
Design and Manufacturing Stream
Manufacturing Engineering 1
MNFE 101
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The 1 , 2
st
&3
nd rd
Industrial
Revolutions
The First Industrial Revolution: The Age of
Mechanical Production
• Around 1760, through the advent of steam engine
• steam was powering everything from agriculture
to textile manufacturing.
Manufacturing Engineering
The First Industrial Revolution: The Age
of Mechanical Production
• Society used to be largely agrarian,
• Steam power led those agrarian societies to
move towards urbanization.
• Steamships and railroads revolutionized
how people got from point A to B.
• The factory environment then emerged as
the new centre of community life
Manufacturing Engineering
The First Industrial Revolution: The
Age of Mechanical Production
• Factory life was difficult.
• Unskilled labour was abundantly
available
• Therefore, labour was cheap
• Policies governing the labour
relations were not so developed
• Easy to hire and fire employees
Manufacturing Engineering
The First Industrial Revolution: The Age of
Mechanical Production
• Long hours of work
• Unsafe conditions
• Regulations around safety in the workplace were
not so developed
Manufacturing Engineering
The First Industrial Revolution: The Age
of Mechanical Production
• What happened to the cities?
• Enormous growth, population growth
around the factories.
• Industries also had to respond to the
demand and grew larger
• This led to economic growth
Manufacturing Engineering
The Second Industrial Revolution: The Age of
Science and Mass Production
• Things started to speed up with a number of key
inventions.
• Think of petrol engines, airplanes, chemicals &
fertilizer.
• All inventions that helped us go faster and do
more had to be sped up to match the growth.
Manufacturing Engineering
The Second Industrial Revolution: The Age
of Science and Mass Production
• Scientific principles were brought right into the
factories.
• Most notably, the assembly line, which
effectively powered mass production.
Manufacturing Engineering
The Second Industrial Revolution: The Age of
Science and Mass Production
• By the early part of the 20th century, Henry
Ford’s company was mass producing the ground
breaking Ford Model T, a car with a petrol engine
built on an assembly line in his factories.
Manufacturing Engineering
The Second Industrial Revolution: The Age of
Science and Mass Production
• The early 1900s saw workers leaving their rural
homes behind to move to urban areas and factory
jobs.
Manufacturing Engineering
The Second Industrial Revolution: The Age of
Science and Mass Production
• By 1900, 40% of the US population lived in cities,
compared to just 6% in 1800.
• Along with increasing urbanization, inventions
such as electric lighting, radio, and telephones
transformed the way people lived and
communicated.
Manufacturing Engineering
The Third Industrial Revolution: The Digital
Revolution
• RIGHT NOW - you’re experiencing some of the
wonders of the digital revolution.
• You’re enjoying cloud computing, the Internet,
and some kind of handy device that lets you
access both.
• You might be even be reading this on your cell
phone.
Manufacturing Engineering
The Third Industrial Revolution: The Digital
Revolution
• Beginning in the 1950s, the third industrial
revolution brought semiconductors, mainframe
computing, personal computing, and the Internet
—the digital revolution.
Manufacturing Engineering
The Third Industrial Revolution: The Digital
Revolution
• Objects that used to be analog moved to digital
technologies, like an old television you used to
tune in with an antenna (analog) being replaced
by an Internet-connected tablet that lets you
stream movies (digital).
Manufacturing Engineering
The Third Industrial Revolution: The Digital
Revolution
• The move from analog electronic and mechanical
devices to digital technology dramatically
disrupted industries, especially global
communications and energy.
Manufacturing Engineering
The Third Industrial Revolution: The Digital
Revolution
• Electronics and information technology began to
automate production and take supply chains
global.
• Flexible manufacturing systems
• Automation
• Computer aided manufacturing became
advanced
Amazon, Alibaba, ebay, Takealot,
Manufacturing Engineering
Industry 4.0 or
4IR
Manufacturing Engineering
Industry 4.0 started in the dawn of the
third millennium with the one thing
that everyone uses every single day,
Internet.
Manufacturing Engineering
• The third industrial revolution of Flexible
Manufacturing Systems, and Computer
Integrated Manufacturing, brought about
technological implementation, bringing some
improvement in manufacturing
Manufacturing Engineering
4IR
Connectivity
• We can see the transition from the first
industrial revolution that rooted for
technological phenomenon all the way to
Industry 4.0 that develops virtual reality
worlds, allowing us to bend the laws of physics.
Manufacturing Engineering
4IR
• The 4th Industrial Revolution reshaped
how the world works.
• Worldwide, economies are now based on
industry 4.0 enablers. There are projects
being implemented all around the world,
focusing on helping people take advantage
of the marvels of the fourth revolution
during their everyday lives.
Manufacturing Engineering
• Each of these first three industrial
revolutions represented profound change.
• We’re talking major societal
transformation. Life went from being all
about the farm to all about the factory, and
people moved from the country into town
with the introduction of mechanical
production.
Manufacturing Engineering
• How people lived and worked fundamentally
changed with the discovery of electricity and
mass production.
• And most recently, the digital revolution
altered nearly every industry, once again
transforming how people live, work, and
communicate.
Manufacturing Engineering
Digitalisation enablers
Source: Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply
Manufacturing Engineering
5th IR
What can society expect in
the 5th ?
Manufacturing Engineering
5 Industrial Revolution
th
• Digital transformation: significant collaboration
between:
– Humans + Machines
– (within their digital ecosystem)
• The partnership of humans and smart machines
marries the accuracy and speed of industrial
automation with the creativity, innovation, and
critical thinking skills of humans.
• Industry 5.0 asks what the technology can do for
workers.
– Human centrity
– Sustainability
– Resilience
Review – Industrial Revolution
• Define the term industrial revolution.
• Describe each of the first three industrial
revolutions.
• Describe the impact each industrial
revolution had on society.
• What are the challenges of 4IR?
• What are the opportunities of 4IR?
• What is the 5th Industrial Revolution all
about?
Manufacturing Engineering
End
Industrial Revolutions
Manufacturing Engineering
