Amity Institute of English Studies & Research
History of English literature
VICTORIAN AGE
Industrial revolution
Queen Victoria- (1837-1901)
Chartist Act-1838
The Great Exhibition-1851
Origin of Species- 1859
Queen becomes the Empress of India-1876,
(Under the direction of Benjamin Disraeli.)
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VICTORIAN COMPROMISE
Science
Vs
Religion
Progress, stability, great social reforms
vs
Poverty, injustice and social unrest
The Great Victorian age in literature (book)
g.k
chersterton
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VICTORIAN PROSE
Thomas Carlyle
French Revolution (1837)
Heroes and Hero-Worship
Past and Present (1843)
the Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell (1845)
Sartor Resartus
Matthew Arnold-
On Translating Homer (1861)
The Study of Celtic Literature (1867)
Essays in Criticism (1865 and 1888)
Culture and Anarchy (1869)
Literature and Dogma
John Ruskin
Unto this last
Thomas Babington Lord Macaulay
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VICTORIAN POETRY
Focus on sensory elements
Themes of the religion/science conflict
Its interest in medieval fables and legends.
Dramatic Monologue
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VICTORIANPOETRY
Mathew Arnold
Dover Beach
Rugby Chapel
Thyrsis
Sohrab and Rustom
Empedocles on Etna
Balder Dead
The scholar Gypsy
Memorial verses
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VICTORIANPOETRY
Robert browning
My Last Duchess
Andrea Del Sarto
Prospice
Last Ride together
Porphyria’s lover
Pied piper of Haemlin
Fra lippo lippi
Rabbi Ben Ezra
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VICTORIANPOETRY
Alfred Tennyson
Ulysses
Tithonus
Lotus Eaters
In Memorium
Lady of Shalott
Défense of Lucknow
Princess
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PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD
A group of English painters, poets and critics
Established in 1858
Rejected the mechanistic approach adopted by
Pre-Raphaelite- They felt Raphael’s approach
was a corruption influence on the academic teaching
of art.
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PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD
Founding members:
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
William Holman Hunt
John Everett Millais
Co-joined by:
William Michael Rossetti
James Collison
Frederic George Stephens
Thomas Woolner
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PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Blessed Damozel
Sister Helen
My sister’s sleep
The house of life
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PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD
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SYMBOLISM
An art movement in France during the 19 th century.
Later taken up by the European and American poets of 20 th
century.
Absolute truth or emotions are expressed through symbols and
metaphorical images.
Came as a rection to realism and Naturalism
Verlaine and Rimbaud were greatly influenced by the poetry and
thought of Charles Baudelaire, Les Fleurs du mal (1857)
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SYMBOLISM
Stéphane Mallarme
Paul Verlaine
Arthur Rimbaud
Jules Laforgue
Henri de Régnier
René Ghil
Gustave Kahn
Georges Rodenbach
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IMAGISM
Imagism was a movement in early-20th-century Anglo-
American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear,
sharp language.
Ezra pound
H.d (hilda Doolittle)
Ford Maddox ford
William Carlos Williams
F.s flint
T.e hulme
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WAR POETS
Isaac Rosenberg
Wilfred Owen
Siegfried Sassoon
Rupert Brook
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STREAM OF CONCIOUSNESS
Stream of consciousness is a style or technique of
writing that tries to capture the natural flow of a
character's extended thought process, often by
incorporating sensory impressions, incomplete
ideas, unusual syntax, and rough grammar.
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STREAM OF CONCIOUSNESS
The term was used by William James in his
work Principles of Psychology.
Stream of consciousness writing is associated
with the early 20th-century Modernist movement.
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AFRICAN
LITERATURE
Chinua Achebe
Ngugi Wa Thiong’o
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Ben Okri
Andre Brink
Alan Paton
Nadine Gordimer
J.M Coetzee
Wole Soyinka
Tony Morrison
Alice Walker
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AUSTRALIAN
LITERATURE
Patrick White
David Malouf
Peter Philip Carey
Judith Wright
A.D Hope
Germaine Greer
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CANADIAN LITERATURE
Alistair Macleod
Margaret Atwood
Susanna Moodie
Margaret Lawrence
Yann Martel
Rawi Hage
Lawrence Hill
Carol Shields
Alice Munroe
Michael Ondaatje
Saul Bellow
*Garrison – Resistance towards alien culture, cultural intrusion or colonization.
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CARRIBEAN LITERATURE
George lamming
V.S Naipaul
Derek Walcott
Kamau Braithwaite
Sam Selvon
Jamaica Kincaid
Alexander Street
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INDIAN
LITERATURE
Toru Dutt
Raja Rao
R.K Narayan
Mulk Raj Anand
Shri Aurobindo
Sarojini Naidu
Mahatma Gandhi
Rabindranath Tagore
Arun Kolathkar
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