Organization structures
Mariam jamil
Objectives
1. Define organization structure
2. List types of organizations structure
3. Identify value chain
4. Define competitive advantages
5. Discuss the change process in organizations
6. Discuss different approaches to change such as innovation ,
reengineering..etc
7. Define the types , roles , functions and careers available in field of
IS
Organization structure :
An organizational structure is a system that outlines how certain activities are directed in order to achieve the
goals of an organization , Organizational subunits and the way they relate to the overall organization
Types of organizations
traditional organizational structure (hierarchical structure): An
organizational structure in which major department heads report to a
president or top-level manager.
A simplified model of the organization,
showing the managerial pyramid from
top-level managers to non-management
Types of organizations
flat organizational structure: An organizational structure with a
reduced number of management layers so it gives Empowerment to
employees and their managers more responsibility and authority to
make decisions, take action, and have more control over their jobs
Types of organizations
Project and Team Organizational Structures:
project organizational: structure is centered on major products or
services
team organizational structure: is centered on work teams or groups.
Types of organizations
virtual organizational structure: A structure that employs
individuals, groups, or complete business units in geographically
dispersed areas that can last for a few weeks or years, often requiring
telecommunications or the Internet
Value chain
value chain: A series (chain) of activities that an organization performs to
transform inputs into outputs in such a way that the value of the input is increased
supply chain: A key value chain whose primary activities include inbound
logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service.
Value chain
supply chain management (SCM): The management of all the
activities required to get the right product into the right consumer’s
hands in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost—from
the identification of suppliers and the acquisition of raw materials
through manufacture and customer delivery.
Competitive advantages
competitive advantage: is a significant and (ideally) long-term
benefit to a company over its competition, and can result in higher-
quality products , better customer service, and lower costs.
Change process in organizations
Fail to change and your competition will take away your customers and
your profits. Positive change is a key ingredient for any successful
organization.
Different approaches
Innovation : is the application of new ideas to the products, processes,
and activities of a firm, leading to increased value. Innovation is the
catalyst for the growth and success of any organization
reengineering (process redesign/business process
reengineering, BPR): The radical redesign of business processes,
organizational structures, information systems, and values of the
organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results, successful
reengineering can reduce delivery time, increase product and service
quality, enhance customer satisfaction, and increase revenues and
profitability.
Different approaches
continuous improvement (kaizen): Constantly seeking ways to
improve business processes and add value to products and services
Different approaches
outsourcing: A long-term business arrangement in which a company
contracts for services with an outside organization that has expertise in
providing a specific function. Organizations often outsource a process so
they can focus more closely on their core business
offshore outsourcing (offshoring): An outsourcing arrangement
where the organization providing the service is located in a country
different from the firm obtaining the services
downsizing: Reducing the number of employees to cut costs.
Types , roles , functions and carriers in IS field
The Chief Information Officer : The role of the chief information
officer (CIO) is to employ an IS department’s equipment and personnel
to help the organization attain its goals. The CIO is usually a vice
president concerned with the overall needs of the organization, and sets
corporate-wide policies and plans, manages, and acquires information
systems
Senior IS Managers: A central role of all these people is to
communicate with other areas of the organization to determine
changing business needs.
Types , roles , functions and carriers in IS field
the IS organization has three primary responsibilities: operations, systems
development, and support
Operations: They tend to focus more on the efficiency of IS functions rather than their
effectiveness ,responsible for the day-to-day running of IS hardware to process the
organization’s information they’re constantly looking for ways to reduce the overall cost and
increase the reliability
Systems Development: The systems development component of a typical IS department
focuses on specific development projects and ongoing maintenance and review
Support : The support component of a typical IS department provides user assistance in
hardware and software acquisition and use, data administration, user training and
assistance, and Web administration
Operations
Data center manager: are responsible for the maintenance and operation of the
organization’s computing facilities that may house a variety of hardware devices
System operator: System operators run and maintain IS equipment. They are responsible
for efficiently starting, stopping, and correctly operating mainframe systems, networks, tape
drives, disk devices, printers, and so on.
Information systems security analyst: IS security analysts are responsible for
maintaining the security and integrity of their organizations’ systems and data. They analyze
the security measures of the organization and identify and implement changes to make
improvement.
LAN administrator: Local area network (LAN) administrators set up and manage network
hardware, software, and security processes. They manage the addition of new users,
software, and devices to the network.
System development
Software developer: These individuals are involved in writing the software that
customers and employees use. This includes testing and debugging the software as
well as maintaining and upgrading software after it is released for operation
Systems analyst: Systems analysts frequently consult with management and users,
and they convey system requirements to software developers and network architects.
They also assist in choosing and configuring hardware and software, matching
technology to users’ needs
Programmer: Programmers convert a program design developed by a systems
analyst or software developer
Web developers: These professionals design and maintain Web sites, including site
layout and function, to meet the client’s requirements.
Support
Database administrator: Database administrators (DBAs) design and
set up databases to meet an organization’s needs
System support specialist: These skilled specialists respond to
telephone calls, electronic mail, and other inquiries from computer
users regarding hardware, software, networking, or other IS-related
problems or needs.
Referance
Principles of Information Systems, Thirteenth Edition
Principles of Information Systems, A Managerial Approach, Ninth Edition
www.cengage.com
