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Chapter 01 Introduction Alphabet of Lines

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20 views22 pages

Chapter 01 Introduction Alphabet of Lines

Uploaded by

Sinen Deriba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALPHABET OF LINES

•Universal language for designers, engineers, &


production personnel.
•Uses lines, numbers, symbols and illustrations.
Different Blueprint Forms:
•Drawings for fabrication (Standardized
symbols for mechanical, welding,
construction, electrical wiring and assembly).

•Sketches (Illustrate an idea, technical


principle or function).
1. Object Lines: (Visible Object Lines)

•Thick solid lines – outline all surfaces visible to


the eye.
•Form basis for comparing weight and composition
of other lines.
•used on drawings to indicate visible
edges and details of an object.
Visible
Object
Lines

Visible
Object Lines
2. Hidden (invisible) Lines:
• Short, evenly spaced dashes.
• are thin dashed lines used to indicate a
surface, edge, or contour of an object that
cannot be seen, or is hidden from view.
• Always begin with a dash in contact with line at
start except when dash would form continuation
of a solid line.
Hidden
Lines
Hidden
Lines
3. Center Lines:
•are thin lines made up of alternating long and
short dashes, evenly spaced dashes (long dash
at each end).
•They are used to indicate the center of
symmetrical features, such as circles or arcs.
They are used as an aid in dimensioning.
• Short dash where center lines intersect.
• Same weight as hidden lines.
• Indicate central axis of an object or part.
• Indicate center point of a circle or hole.
4. Phantom Lines:
•Thin lines, one long and two evenly-spaced
short dashes (long dash at each end).
•used to indicate alternate positions of moving
parts, lines of motion, adjacent parts and
repetitive details, location of absent parts.
5. Dimension Lines:
• solid lines.
• Indicate distance between two points.
• Arrowheads at each end.
• Broken to insert dimensions.
6. Extension Lines:
•solid lines used to show limits of dimensions.
•Placed inside or outside the outline of an object.
•Extend from an outline or surface, but do not
touch it.
•Same weight as invisible lines.
7. Leaders:
• Solid thin lines.
• Indicate part or area to which numbers,notes, or
references apply.
• Usually terminate in a single arrowhead.
8. Break Lines:

• are used to shorten a view, or to


eliminate repetitive details when an
entire view is not necessary.
• Short break lines are thick wavy freehand
lines.
• Long break lines are thin straight zig-
zags.
•Indicate that part is broken out to clearly
show part or area beneath it.
•Also used to reduce size of drawing of long
part with uniform cross-section.

short break
lines

Long break
lines
• Short breaks indicated by solid, thick,
freehand lines.
• Long breaks indicated by solid, thin, ruled
lines broken by zigzags.
• Breaks on shafts, rods, tubes and pipes are
curved.
9. Section (crosshatch) Lines:
• are thin “cross hatching” lines used in sectional
views to symbolize different parts of an object or
different materials from which an object is
manufactured.
• Thin, parallel lines approx 1/16 in. apart at 30, 45
or 60 degrees.
9. Section (crosshatch) Lines (con’t.):
• Also used to depict specific types of common
manufacturing materials.
10. Cutting Plane Lines:

• are very thick lines that indicate where an


imaginary cutting plane passes through an
object, for viewing or sectioning purposes.
• Arrowheads on both ends of the line point toward
the surface to be viewed.
• Heavy dash followed by two shorter dashes.
• Each end has a short line at right angle to cutting
plane line, with arrowheads pointing in direction
from which cut surface is viewed.
• Usually labeled with a letter at either end to
identify cut surface.
• Cut surface drawing is called a “section”.
10. Cutting Plane Lines:
ALPHABET OF LINES EXERCISE
Identify the ten lines found on the drawing below by writing the correct name of each in the
space provided.

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