Digital Logic Design

K Map
Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)

2
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)

 Basically, there are three types of K-Map

1. 2 variable K-Map
2. 3 variable K-Map
3. 4 variable K-Map

3
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)

 Basically, there are three types of K-Map

1. 2 variable K-Map
2. 3 variable K-Map
3. 4 variable K-Map

4
 2 Variable K-Map
 Number of Input-variables = 2
 Number of boxes in K-Map = 22 = 4
 Arrangement of Boxes, variables and values

A B 0 1 A B 0 1 A B 0 1

0 0 00 01 0 A’B’ A’B

1 1 10 11 1 AB’ AB

5
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 1: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=A’B+A’B’ A B 0 1

0 A’B’ A’B
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 1 0 1 1 G1 then create respective literal
For G1: A=0 → A’
1 1
Step 4:
Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5: group
Create final function by adding For G1: A’
(SOP) for all minterms
F = A’ 6
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 2: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=AB’+A’B’ A B 0 1

0 A’B’ A’B
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 0 1 then create respective literal
For G1: B=0 → B’
1 1 1 1
Step 4:
Create minterm (SOP) for each
G1
Step 5: group
Create final function by adding For G1: B’
(SOP) for all minterms
F = B’ 7
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 3: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=AB’+AB A B 0 1

0 A’B’ A’B
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 0 then create respective literal
For G1: A=1 → A
1 1 1 1 1 1 G1
Step 4:
Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5: group
Create final function by adding For G1: A
(SOP) for all minterms
F=A 8
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 4: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=A’B+AB A B 0 1

0 A’B’ A’B
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 0 1 then create respective literal
For G1: B=1 → B
1 1 1 1
Step 4:
Create minterm (SOP) for each
G1
Step 5: group
Create final function by adding For G1: B
(SOP) for all minterms
F=B 9
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 5: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=A’B A B 0 1

0 A’B’ A’B
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 0 1 G1 then create respective literal
For G1: A=0,B= → A’, B
1 1
Step 4:
Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5: group
Create final function by adding For G1: A’B
(SOP) for all minterms
F = A’B 10
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 6: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=A’B+AB’ A B 0 1

0 A’B’ A’B
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 0 1 G1 then create respective literal
For G1: A=0,B=1 → A’, B
1 1 1 1 For G2: A=1, B=0 → A,B’
Step 4:
G2 Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5:
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: A’B
F = A’B + AB’ For G2: AB’ 11
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 7: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=A’B+AB’+A’B’ A B 0 1

0 A’B’ A’B
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 1 0 1 1 G1 then create respective literal
For G1: A=0 → A’
1 1 1 1 For G2: B=0 → B’
Step 4:
G2 Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5:
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: A’
F = A’ + B’ For G2: B’ 12
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 8: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=A’B+AB’+AB A B 0 1

0 A’B’ A’B
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 0 1 G1 then create respective literal
For G1: B=1 → B
1 1 1 1 1 1 For G2: A=1 → A
Step 4:
G2 Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5:
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: B
F=A+B For G2: A 13
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 9: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=A’B+AB’+AB+A’B’ A B 0 1

0 A’B’ A’B
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 1 0 1 1 G1 then create respective literal
For G1: 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 Step 4:
Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5: group
Create final function by adding For G1: 1
(SOP) for all minterms
F=1 14
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 10: Convert following standard
form into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
F(A, B)=∑(0,1,2,3) A B 0 1

0 00 01
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 10 11
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 1 0 1 1 G1 then create respective literal
For G1: 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 Step 4:
Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5: group
Create final function by adding For G1: 1
(SOP) for all minterms
F=1 15
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 11: Convert following standard
form into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
F(A,B)=∑(0,1,2) A B 0 1

0 00 01
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 10 11
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 1 0 1 1 G1 then create respective literal
For G1: A=0 → A’
1 1 1 1 For G2: B=0 → B’
Step 4:
G2 Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5:
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: A’
F = A’ + B’ For G2: B’ 16
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 12: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=A’B+AB’ A B 0 1

Don’t Care = ∑(3) 0 A’B’ A’B

Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 0 1 G1 then create respective literal
For G1: B=1 → B
1 1 x 1 1 x For G2: A=1→ A
Step 4:
G2 Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5:
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: B
F=A+B For G2: A 17
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)
Example # 13: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F=A’B A B 0 1

Don’t Care = ∑(2) 0 A’B’ A’B

Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- 1 AB’ AB
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
A B 0 1 A B 0 1 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 0 1 G1 then create respective literal
For G1: A=0,B=1 → A’, B
1 x 1 x
Step 4:
Step 5: Create minterm (SOP) for each
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: A’B
F = A’B 18
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)

 Basically, there are three types of K-Map

1. 2 variable K-Map
2. 3 variable K-Map
3. 4 variable K-Map

19
 3 Variable K-Map
 Number of Input-variables = 3
 Number of boxes in K-Map = 23 = 8
 Arrangement of Boxes, variables and values
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10
0 0 000 001 011 010
1 1 100 101 111 110

x yz 00 01 11 10
0 x’y’z’ x’y’z x’yz x’yz’
1 xy’z’ xy’z xyz xyz’

20
 3 Variable K-Map
 Another arrangment

xy z 0 1 xy z 0 1 xy z 0 1
00 00 x’y’z’ x’y’z 00 000 001
01 01 x’yz’ x’yz 01 010 011
11 11 xyz’ xyz 11 110 111
10 10 xy’z’ xy’z 10 100 101

21
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 1: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F(x,y,z)=∑(0,1,2) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join-
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
then create respective literal
1 1 G2 G1
For G1: x=0,z=0 → x’,z’
For G2: x=0,y=0 → x’y’
Step 4:
Step 5: Create minterm (SOP) for each
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: x’z’
F = x’z’ + x’y’ For G2: x’y’ 22
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 2: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F(x,y,z)=∑(0,2,5) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join-
for respective box boxes containing values Step 3:
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
0 1 1 0 1 1
then create respective literal
1 1 1 1 G1
For G1: x=0,z=0 → x’,z’
G2 For G2: x=1,y=0,z=1 → x,y’,z
Step 4:
Step 5: Create minterm (SOP) for each
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: x’z’
F = x’z’ + xy’z For G2: xy’z 23
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 3: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F(x,y,z)=∑(0,3,5) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 whose is not changed. And
then create respective literal
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 For G1: x=0,y=1,z=1 → x’,y,z
1 1 1 G3 1 G1 For G2: x=1,y=0,z=1 → x,y’,z
G2 For G3: x=0,y=0,z=0 → x’,y’.z’
Step 4:
Create minterm (SOP) for each
Step 5: group
Create final function by adding For G1: x’yz’
(SOP) for all minterms For G2: xy’z
F = x’yz’ + xy’z + x’y’z’ For G3: x’y’z’
24
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 4: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F(x,y,z)=∑(3,5,7) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 whose is not changed. And
then create respective literal
0 1 0 1 For G1: y=1,z=1 → y,z
1 1 1 1 1 1 G1 For G2: x=1,z=1 → x,z
G2
Step 4:
Step 5: Create minterm (SOP) for each
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: yz
F = yz + xz For G2: xz 25
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 5: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F(x,y,z)=∑(1,3,5,7) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 whose is not changed. And
then create respective literal
0 1 1 0 1 1 For G1: z=1 → z
1 1 1 1 1 1 G1

Step 4:
Step 5: Create minterm (SOP) for each
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: z
F=z 26
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 6: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map

F(x,y,z)=∑(0,2,4,6) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 whose is not changed. And
then create respective literal
0 1 1 0 1 1 For G1: z=0 → z’
1 1 1 1 1 1
G1
Step 4:
Step 5: Create minterm (SOP) for each
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: z’
F = z’ 27
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 7: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
x yz 00 01 11 10
F(x,y,z)=∑(0,1,2,4,5,6)
0 000 001 011 010
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 whose is not changed. And
then create respective literal
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 For G1: z=0 → z’
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 For G2: y=0 → y’
G2 G1
Step 4:
Step 5: Create minterm (SOP) for each
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: z’
F = y’ + z’ For G2: y’ 28
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 8: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
x yz 00 01 11 10
F(x,y,z)=∑(0,2,3,4,6,7)
0 000 001 011 010
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 whose is not changed. And
then create respective literal
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 For G1: z=0 → z’
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 For G2: y=1 → y
G1 G2
Step 4:
Step 5: Create minterm (SOP) for each
Create final function by adding group
(SOP) for all minterms For G1: z’
F = y + z’ For G2: y 29
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 9: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
x yz 00 01 11 10
F(x,y,z)=∑(0,1,2,3,4,6,7)
0 000 001 011 010
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 then create respective literal
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 For G1: z=0 → z’
For G2: y=1 → y
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
For G3: x=0 → x’
G1 G2
Step 4:
Create minterm (SOP)
Step 5: for each group
Create final function by adding For G1: z’
(SOP) for all minterms For G2: y
F = x’ + y + z’ For G3: x’ 30
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 10: Convert following standard
form into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
x yz 00 01 11 10
F(x,y,z)=∑(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
0 000 001 011 010
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 then create respective literal
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 For G1: no variable
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
G1
Step 4:
Create final function by adding
(SOP) for all minterms
F=1
31
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 11: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
F(x,y,z)=∑(0,2,4,6) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
Don’t Care= ∑(1)
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 then create respective literal
0 1 X 1 0 1 X 1 For G1: z=0 → z’
1 1 1 1 1 1
G1
Step 4:
Create final function by adding
(SOP) for all minterms
F = z’
32
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 12: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
F(x,y,z)=∑(0,2,4,6) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
Don’t Care= ∑(1, 3)
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 then create respective literal
0 1 X X 1 0 1 X X 1 For G1: z=0 → z’
1 1 1 1 1 1
G1
Step 4:
Create final function by adding
(SOP) for all minterms
F = z’
33
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 13: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
F(x,y,z)=∑(0,4,6) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
Don’t Care= ∑(1,2,3)
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 then create respective literal
0 1 X X X 0 1 X X X For G1: z=0 → z’
1 1 1 1 1 1
G1
Step 4:
Create final function by adding
(SOP) for all minterms
F = z’
34
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 14: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
F(x,y,z)=∑(0,4) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
Don’t Care= ∑(1,2,3,6)
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 then create respective literal
0 1 X X X 0 1 X X X For G1: z=0 → z’
1 1 X 1 1 X
G1
Step 4:
Create final function by adding
(SOP) for all minterms
F = z’
35
 3 Variable K-Map
Example # 15: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map Reference Map
F(x,y,z)=∑(4) x yz 00 01 11 10
0 000 001 011 010
Don’t Care= ∑(0,1,2,3,6)
1 100 101 111 110
Step 1: Step 2:
Placing 1 (SOP) Make groups of join- Step 3:
for respective box boxes containing values For each group, select variable
whose is not changed. And
x yz 00 01 11 10 x yz 00 01 11 10 then create respective literal
0 X X X X 0 X X X X For G1: z=0 → z’
1 1 X 1 1 X
G1
Step 4:
Create final function by adding
(SOP) for all minterms
F = z’
36
 Karnauf’s Map (K-Map)

 Basically, there are three types of K-Map

1. 2 variable K-Map
2. 3 variable K-Map
3. 4 variable K-Map

37
 4 Variable K-Map
 Number of Input-variables = 4
 Number of boxes in K-Map = 24 = 16
 Arrangement of Boxes, variables and values
xy zw 00 01 11 10 xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 00 0000 0001 0011 0010
01 01 0100 0101 0111 0110
11 11 1100 1101 1111 1110
10 10 1000 1001 1011 1010

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 x’y’z’w’ x’yz’w x’y’zw x’y’zw
01 x’yz’w’ x’yz’w x’yzw xyzw’
11 xyz’w’ xyz’w Xyzw xyzw’
10 xy’z’w’ xy’z’w xy’zw xy’zw’

38
 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 1: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=∑(0,1,2,3,9,11)

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 1 1 G1 = x’y’
01
11
10 1 1
G2 = y’w

F = x’y’ + y’w

39
 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 2: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=∑(2,4,6,10,12,14)

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 1
01 1 1
G2 = yw’
11 1 1
10 1 G1 = zw’

F = zw’ + yw’

40
 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 3: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=∑(0,2,4,6,10,12,14)

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 G3 = x’w’

01 1 1
G2 = yw’
11 1 1
10 1 G1 = zw’

F = zw’ + yw’ + x’w’

41
 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 4: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=∑(0,2,8,10)

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 1 1
0000 01
0010
1000 11
1010 10 1 1 G1 = y’w’

F = y’w’

42
 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 5: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=∑(0,1,2,3,8,9,10,11)

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 1 1
01
11
10 1 1 1 1 G1 = y’

F = y’

43
 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 6: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=∑(0,1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10,11,12,14)

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 1 1 G2 = w’
01 1 1
11 1 1
10 1 1 1 1 G1 = y’

F = y’ + w’

44
 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 7: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=∑(1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15)

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 G1 = w
01 1 1
11 1 1
10 1 1

F=w

45
 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 8: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=∑(1,3,5,6,7,9,10,11,13,14,15)

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 1 G2 = w
01 1 1 1
11 1 1 1
G1 = z
10 1 1 1

F=z+w

46
 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 9: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=π(1,3,5,6,7,9,10,11,13,14,15)

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 0 0 0 G2 = w’
01 0 0 0
11 0 0 0
G1 = z’
10 0 0 0

F = z’w’

47
 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 10: Convert following standard form into
canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=π(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15)

xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 0 0 0 0
01 0 0 0 0
11 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0

F=0

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 4 Variable K-Map
Example # 11: Convert following standard form
into canonical form using K-Map
F(x,y,z,w)=∑(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
)
xy zw 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 1 1
01 1 1 1 1
11 1 1 1 1
10 1 1 1 1

F=1

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