THE

ECOSYSTEM
GROUP 1
LET’S DO SOME
ICEBREAKER

2 TRUTHS 1 LIE
1. A. There are more trees on Earth than
stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
B. The tundra biome experiences a
summer with 24 hours of sunlight.
C. All rainforests are located near the
equator.
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C. All rainforests are located near the
E
equator.
 2. A. Polar bears are the largest land
carnivores in the world.
B. Sharks can survive in freshwater
ecosystems like lakes and rivers.
C. The Earth's oceans absorb about 30%
of the carbon dioxide humans emit.
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B. Sharks can survive in freshwater
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ecosystems like lakes and rivers.
 3. A. Beavers are considered natural
ecosystem engineers.
B. Grasslands cover nearly 40% of the
Earth's land area.
C. The Great Barrier Reef is visible from
space.
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B. Grasslands cover nearly 40% of the
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Earth's land area.
4. A. The tallest trees in the world are redwoods, which
can grow over 350 feet tall.
B. Antarctica is technically considered a desert due to
its low precipitation.
C. Desert ecosystems have the highest biodiversity of
any biome.
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C. Desert ecosystems have the highest

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biodiversity of any biome.
5. A. The Amazon rainforest produces about 20% of the
Earth’s oxygen.
B. Penguins can be found in the Arctic.
C. Wetlands help reduce flooding by absorbing excess
water.
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B. Penguins can be found in the Arctic.

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6.A. Some fish in the deep sea produce their own light
through bioluminescence.
B. Grasshoppers can jump 100 times their own height.
C. Most of the Earth's oxygen comes from rainforests.
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C.Most of the Earth's oxygen comes from

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rainforests.
 7.A. A single oak tree can support over 500 species of
insects.
B. Mangrove trees can grow in saltwater environments.
C. All ecosystems require direct sunlight to sustain life.
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C. All ecosystems require direct sunlight

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to sustain life.
8. A. Bats are the only mammals capable of true flight.
B. Some plants can communicate with each other using
chemical signals.
C. Frogs can live in saltwater environments.
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C. Frogs can live in saltwater

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environments.
9. A. Elephants play a key role in shaping the savanna
ecosystem by knocking down trees.
B. The Arctic Ocean has the largest concentration of
marine biodiversity.
C. Bamboo can grow up to 3 feet in a single day.
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B. The Arctic Ocean has the largest

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concentration of marine biodiversity.
10. A. Coral reefs are home to about 25% of all marine
life.
B. The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world.
C. Earthworms are essential for improving soil quality.
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B.The Sahara Desert is the largest desert

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in the world.
 INTRODUCTION
Ecology- Is the study of relationship between living organisms and their environment

what is ECOSYSTEM?
• Ecosystem is the place where the interaction between non-living and living
things occur
 COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEM
AND BIODIVERSITY

- There are two main components of the ecosystem that have a

constant relationship with each other, which are the biotic or
living component and the abiotic or non-living component, so
the abiotic components are the factors why the biotic
components exist. For biotics to survive or to exist, they will
need the abiotic components.
 BIOTIC OR LIVING COMPONENT

PRODUCER CONSUMER DECOMPOSER

- They are referred to as the living organisms on this planet, such

as plants, animals, fungi, or anything that has life. Biotic components
have 3 categories: producers, consumers, and
decomposers.
 PRODUCER

• This is a living organism that can produce its own

energy through sunlight and chlorophyll. This process
is called photosynthesis, and it can be done by
some living organisms such as plants, algae, and
some bacteria called cyanobacteria.
 CONSUMER

• Other categories of biotic components that need to hunt, gather,

and eat their food to gain energy. This category has 3 types, which
are herbivores that eat grass or any plants, carnivores who need to
hunt meat for their food, and omnivores who eat both meat and
plants to gain the energy they need.
 DECOMPOSER

• They play an important role in the cycle of life; they are the ones
who eat decaying organic matter, and they also have an important
role in recycling nutrients so that the producers, which are the
plants, can use them.
 ABIOTIC OR NON-LIVING COMPONENT

• This is the other component of the ecosystem that

is needed by the biotic components; it can be
physical or chemical factors; they are also called
ecological factors. Examples of this are light, air,
water, soil, and nutrients.
BIODIVERSITY
• - In biodiversity we
also have 3 major
components and this
are the Genetic
diversity, Species
diversity and
Ecological diversity.
GENETIC DIVERSITY

• - It refers to a variation of genes

within the species. Genetics
could be also used to determine
the differences of an individual
within the species; this may also
be used to determine whether a
species is able to survive in a
particular habitat or under
particular weather.
SPECIES DIVERSITY

• It refers to a number of a
species or range of a different
type of species in one area. We
have two types of species
diversity: low life diversity, where
the number of species that
survive in a specific habitat is low
due to the environment, and high
life diversity, which has a greater
number of species because of
the hostile environment.
ECOSYSTEM DIVERISTY

• - It discusses the
distinctions between
various kinds of
ecosystems as well as the
variety of habitats and
biological processes found
in each type of
ecosystem.
 the
4 main types of ecosystem
FOREST
ECOSYSTEM
• The Forest Ecosystem not only talks
about the trees but also to its living
organism. A healthy forest is defined by
the things living on it just like trees,
plants, and any kinds or species of
animals.

Examples:
Amazon Rainforest (South America) and
Taiga Forest (Boreal Forest, Northern
Hemisphere).
GRASSLAND
ECOSYSTEM
• Grassland composed of grass, shrubs, and
other plants that resemble grass. The
world's most productive and fertile soils are
found beneath it. There are three
categories for the grassland ecosystem:
temperate, topical, and desert. These
categories are based on the amount of
rainfall.
Examples:
The Great Plains (North America) and
The Serengeti (East Africa).
DESERT
ECOSYSTEM
• There is extremely little probability of
rain in the desert, and it is hot during
the day and chilly at night. Some
deserts consist entirely of very fine
sand, while others have a mixture of
rocks, pebbles, and sand.
Examples:
Sahara Desert (North Africa) and
Sonoran Desert (North America).
AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM
• Aquatic Ecosystems can
only be seen around bodies
of water just like ponds,
lakes, rivers, wetlands etc.

Examples:
The Great Barrier Reef (Australia) and The
Amazon River Basin (South America).
 FUNCTIONS OF THE ECOSYSTEM

An ecosystem serves several essential functions that are

required to support life and ecological equilibrium on
Earth. These functions ensure that ecological processes
run smoothly, that evolved living forms survive, and that
the environment remains stable. The primary functions of
an ecosystem are:
 FUNCTIONS OF THE ECOSYSTEM

1.Energy Flow Regulation: In an ecosystem, energy

moves from one trophic level to another, primarily
through food consumption. Photosynthesis converts
solar energy into chemical energy, which is stored in
biomass. This energy is subsequently passed to primary
consumers (herbivores) as they consume plants, and
then to secondary and tertiary consumers (carnivores
and omnivores).
 FUNCTIONS OF THE ECOSYSTEM

2.Nutrient Cycling: Ecosystems

play an important role in the
exchange of nutrients between
their biotic (living) and abiotic
(nonliving) components. Bacteria
and fungus decompose decaying
organic matter, releasing
nutrients into the soil, which are
then absorbed by plants
 FUNCTIONS OF THE ECOSYSTEM

3.Energy Transfer Between Trophic Levels: Primary

producers (plants) acquire energy, which is then
transported through the food chain, ensuring energy
availability at all trophic levels.
 FUNCTIONS OF THE ECOSYSTEM

4. Distribution and Biomass Production: Ecosystems promote

the breakdown of organic matter, which is necessary for
nutrient recycling. Decomposers, such as earthworms, fungi,
and bacteria, break down dead plants and animals, releasing
nutrients into the soil that are then used by plants for growth.
This process also helps to produce biomass, which includes
plant growth that provides humans with food, fuel, fiber, and
medicines.
 FUNCTIONS OF THE ECOSYSTEM

5.Climate and Biogeochemical Cycle Regulation:

Ecosystems play an important role in climate regulation
and the maintenance of global biogeochemical cycles
including the carbon and nitrogen cycles.
 FUNCTIONS OF THE ECOSYSTEM

6.Ecosystem Services: Ecosystems provide a wide range

of ecosystem services that are essential for human
survival and well-being. These services include biomass
production (for food, fuel, fiber, and medicine), water
purification, soil formation, erosion control, flood
prevention, and others.
 ECOSYSTEM

ABIOTIC BIOTIC

PRODUCERS CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS

PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY

Importance of Ecosystem and Biodiversity

Importance of Biodiversity
Importance of Ecosystem • Biodiversity underpins
• Ecosystems pride the mechanisms that
resources such as food, support all life on Earth,
water, medicine, and including human
fuel (fiber or timber) existence.
that are renewable or • Biodiversity enables
nonrenewable. ecosystems to be
• It helps in maintaining resilient and capable of
the appropriate change, ensuring their
equilibrium between the sustainability over time.
trophic levels. • Diverse ecosystems can
• It regulates climate, better resist the effects
water and air of changes in climate, like
purification, disease droughts and floods, as
control as well as well as human use.
H U M A N I M PA C T O N E C O S Y S T E M
A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y T H R E AT S
 H U M A N I M PA C T O N E C O S Y S T E M A N D
B I O D I V E R S I T Y T H R E AT S

• As time goes by, human activities are affecting our

ecosystem a lot. Human activities cause climate
change, pollution, loss of habitats,
overexploitation, and introduction of invasive
species, and this is where the threat to
biodiversity enters. If human activities continue to
destroy our ecosystem, a lot of species will
become extinct. However, the earth already faces
five major mass extinctions since this is a part of
the evolution process. The last mass extinction
occurred 65 million years ago, when the last
 I N V O LV E M E N T O F E N G I N E E R I N G T O E C O S Y S T E M

• Engineering has a lot to do with the ecosystem since

engineers are known to build infrastructure and are also
responsible for keeping our environment safe. Engineering
has 7 specializations including the environmental engineer
and they are the most responsible when it comes to this
topic since all of them have legislation to make the
environment
• As safe.
time goes by and years more comes the knowledge of an
individual increases which causes rapid changes to this field
in terms of science, technology, and health. Engineers must
have knowledge about water treatment, proper waste or
recycling of wastewater, and proper sanitation to the areas
to have safe potable, and ample water since their goal is to
eliminate the hazardous effect of humans on nature.
 I N V O LV E M E N T O F E N G I N E E R I N G T O E C O S Y S T E M

Sanitary engineering, also

known as public health
engineering or wastewater
engineering, is the application
of engineering methods to
improve sanitation of human
communities, primarily by
providing the removal and
disposal of human waste, and in
addition to the supply of safe
potable water.
 I N V O LV E M E N T O F E N G I N E E R I N G T O E C O S Y S T E M

• the adequate drainage of urban and rural areas for proper

sanitation; and the control of water, soil, and atmospheric pollution,
and the social and environmental impact of these solutions.
Furthermore, it is concerned with engineering problems in the field
of public health, such as the control of arthropod-borne
diseases,
• the adequate drainage of urban and rural areas for proper
sanitation; and the control of water, soil, and atmospheric pollution,
and the social and environmental impact of these solutions.
Furthermore, it is concerned with engineering problems in the field
of public health, such as the control of arthropod-borne diseases,
 conclusion/synthesis
• Our ecosystem is the main source of
energy,food,water,materials and oxygen that humans,
animals, and other living organisms need to be able to live.
• It's our responsibility to protect our ecosystem by taking
action and not just giving awareness to others.
• Human activities should be limited in order for the ecosystem
to recover from previous illegal activities of humans.
• Our biodiversity also needs observation so that the food chain
of animals are still continuous.
• We engineers should also focus on the environment and
create new innovations to lessen or eliminate pollution.
T H A N K YO U