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Oopm

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khushijs0109
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© © All Rights Reserved
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TITLE:

INPUT AND OUTPUT IN


JAVA

Group project by
 Arfaan Shah

 Dev Sharma

 Khushi Shetty

 Shreyas Swaminath
INTRODUCTION TO JAVA I/O
What is Java I/O?
• I/O stands for Input and Output. It refers to the process of
reading (input) data from a source and writing (output) data to
a destination.
• Java provides an extensive set of tools (classes and methods)
to handle I/O operations, such as interacting with the file
system, network resources, or user input.
• Streams are used in Java to read or write data. A stream is
essentially a sequence of data elements that are processed
sequentially.
• Java has two primary types of streams:
a. Byte Streams handle binary data like images, audio, etc.

b. Character Streams handle text data.


TYPES OF STREAMS IN JAVA

Byte Streams:
1.Byte streams are used to handle raw binary data. These
are essential when dealing with non-text data like
images, audio, or video files.
2.The two main abstract classes are:
. InputStream (for reading binary data).
. OutputStream (for writing binary data).
3. Example: FileInputStream and FileOutputStream are
specific implementations of byte streams that handle
files.
CHARACTER STREAMS:

A. Character streams are designed to handle text-


based data where characters are encoded in
specific formats like UTF-8 or UTF-16.
B. The two main abstract classes are:
1.Reader (for reading character data).
2.Writer (for writing character data).
C. Example: FileReader and FileWriter are used
for file I/O operations in text format.
D.Streams in Java also support buffered
operations to improve efficiency by reducing the
number of I/O operations.
KEY CLASSES FOR BYTE
STREAMS
 InputStream:

 InputStream is an abstract class for reading raw bytes.

 Common Implementations:

 FileInputStream: Reads from files.

 ByteArrayInputStream: Reads from a byte array.

 BufferedInputStream: Buffers the input to improve performance.

 Key Methods:

 int read(): Reads the next byte of data from the input stream.

 void close(): Closes the input stream and releases any system resources.
OUTPUTSTREAM:

I. O U T P U T S T R E A M I S A N A B S T R A C T C L A S S F O R
W R I T I N G R AW BY T ES .

II.C O M M O N I M P L E M E N TAT I O N S :

A. FileOutputStream: Writes data to files.


B. ByteArrayOutputStream: Writes data to a byte
array.
C. BufferedOutputStream: Buffers output for efficiency.

III.K E Y M E T H O D S :

A.void write(int b): Writes the specified byte to the


output stream.
B.void close(): Closes the output stream and
releases resources.
KEY CL ASSES FOR CHARACTER STREAMS
Reader: Writer:
• Reader is an abstract class for reading character • Writer is an abstract class for writing character data.
data.
• Common Implementations:
• Common Implementations:
 FileWriter: Writes character data to files.
 FileReader: Reads character data from files.
 BufferedWriter: Buffers written characters to improve
 BufferedReader: Buffers characters to improve performance.
performance.
 StringWriter: Writes character data to a string.
 StringReader: Reads characters from a string.
• Key Methods:
Key Methods:  void write(String str): Writes a string.
•int read(): Reads a single character.  void flush(): Flushes the writer and forces any
•void close(): Closes the stream. buffered output to be written.
•readLine(): Reads a line of text.  void close(): Closes the stream.
EXCEPTION HANDLING IN I/O
OPERATIONS

Importance of Exception Handling:


• I/O operations can fail due to various reasons,
such as the file not being found, permission
issues, or incorrect data format.
• Java requires that I/O operations are enclosed
within try-catch blocks to handle potential errors.
Common Exceptions:
• IOException: A general class of exceptions
produced by failed or interrupted I/O operations.
• FileNotFoundException: Thrown when an attempt
to open the file denoted by a specified pathname
has failed.
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CONCLUSION AND BEST PRACTICES


• Summary of Key Concepts:
• Java I/O is essential for working with external data sources like files, databases, and networks.
• Understanding streams (byte and character) is important for efficient data handling.
• Best Practices:
• Always close streams after use to free up resources.
• Use buffered streams (e.g., BufferedReader and BufferedWriter) for performance optimization,
especially when dealing with large amounts of data.
• Handle I/O exceptions effectively using try-catch blocks.
• Utilize the finally block or the try-with-resources statement to ensure that resources are closed properly.
• Closing Remarks:
• Java’s I/O system is flexible and powerful, with options to handle almost any type of data input or output
scenario.
• Encourage the audience to experiment with Java I/O features, especially serialization, file channels, and
networking I/O, to gain a deeper understanding.
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THANK YOU

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