APPLICATION OF CONCEPTS OF DIFFERENTIALS AND
INTEGRAL CALCULUS TO STUDY CURVATURE AND
EVALUATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF IMPROPER
INTEGRALS
Presented By,
Srinjan Deb
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Roll No: 13000323112
Reg. No: 0000000000
CONTENTS
• What
• About
• Why
HISTORICAL REFERENCE
• The concept of improper integrals can be traced back to the 17th century,
with pioneers like Isaac Barrow and John Wallis exploring the integration
of functions that lack a finite area.
• Improper integrals arise when dealing with functions that do not satisfy
the conditions for a standard Riemann integral, prompting
mathematicians to develop new approaches.
Definition: Improper integrals extend the concept of definite integrals to
functions with unbounded intervals or discontinuities.
EXAMPLES
1. Infinite Limits of Integration:
Definition: Integrals where one or both limits of integration are infinite.
Example:
2. Integrands with Infinite Discontinuities:
Definition: Integrals involving functions with infinite discontinuities within the
interval of integration.
Example:
3. Mixed Types:
Definition: Integrals combining both infinite limits and integrands with infinite
discontinuities.
Example:
CONVERGENCE AND
DIVERGENCE
• Convergence: An improper
integral converges if the limit of
the definite integral exists as the
bounds approach a certain value
(finite or infinite).
• Example: converges as the
integral approaches infinity,
giving the result ln|x| from 0 to
1.
• Divergence: If the limit does not
exist, the integral diverges.
• Example: diverges as the
integral grows without bound.
CONVERGENCE AND
DIVERGENCE
Strategies for Evaluating Improper Integrals
• Comparison Test: Compare the given integral with a known
convergent or divergent integral to determine the nature of
convergence.
• Example: If 0 ≤ f(x) ≤ g(x) for all x in the interval [a, ∞), and ∫ g(x)
dx converges, then ∫ f(x) dx also converges.
• Limit Comparison Test: Evaluate the limit of the ratio of the given
function to a known function.
• Example: If lim(x→∞) f(x)/g(x) = L, where 0 < L < ∞, then ∫ f(x) dx
and ∫ g(x) dx either both converge or both diverge
APPLICATION
• Physics: Improper integrals are used in physics to calculate quantities
such as center of mass and moments of inertia for objects with non-
uniform density.
• Probability: In probability theory, improper integrals are employed to
calculate probabilities of continuous random variables.
• Economics: Improper integrals can model economic concepts like net
present value and utility over infinite time intervals.
EXAMPLE WITH SOLUTION
• Consider the function on [0,1]
• +
will be converge if all of the integral are converge
REFERENCE
• Convergence and Divergence of Improper Integrals (sosmath.com)
• 3.7 Improper Integrals - Calculus Volume 2 | OpenStax
