Bestepe Physics
Making
Measure
ments
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Bestepe Physics
Outline
• Measuring Length and volume
• Measuring time
• Finding density
• How to increase accuracy
Bestepe Physics
Length
• Measuring
Length and
volume • Length is measured with four different tools.
• Measuring • SI unit of length is metre (m).
time
• Finding
Value of length Instrument
density
Ordinary scale (1-100 cm) Ruler
• How to Large scale >1m Tape measure
increase
Small scale <1cm Micrometer screw gauge
accuracy
Small scale <1cm Vernier calipers
Bestepe Physics
Methods to measure
length
• Measuring • For small lengths, use micrometre
Length and screw gauge, vernier callipers or
volume measure many of them and take
average.
• Measuring
time • For curved lines, thread along the line
can help. Mark the thread from both
• Finding ends and measure thread by ruler.
density
• How to
increase
accuracy
Bestepe Physics
Measuring Volume
• If we have regular objects
• Measuring
Length and
volume
• Use ruler to measure necessary length
• Measuring needed in volume formula of shapes.
time
• Finding
density
• How to
increase
accuracy
Bestepe Physics
Measuring Volume
• If we have irregular objects
• Measuring
Length and
volume
• Measuring
time • Use measuring cylinder to measure volume
by displacement method.
• Finding
density
• How to
increase
accuracy
Bestepe Physics
Measuring Volume
• Measuring
Length and
volume
• Measuring
• Partially fill the measuring cylinder and
time
record water level (volume).
• Finding
• Immerse object in the water and record new
density
level (volume).
• How to
• Subtract these two values to find object’s
increase
accuracy volume.
• Unit of volume is cubic meter (m3).
• For accuracy
Bestepe Physicsmeasure from bottom
meniscus.
Measuring Time
• There are three devices for measuring time
• Measuring as clock, stopwatch and electronic timer.
Length and
volume
• Measuring
time
• Finding
density
• How to • For short time intervals, we use electronic
increase timers like photo-gate which starts and stops
accuracy automatically with sensors.
Bestepe Physics
Measuring Time
• There are two types of clock as digital and
• Measuring analogue.
Length and
volume • A digital clock is one that gives a direct
reading of the time in numbers.
• Measuring
time • An analogue clock is like a traditional clock
needs judgment according to scale.
• Finding
density
• How to
increase
accuracy
Bestepe Physics
Density
• Measuring
Length and
volume
• Measuring
time
• Finding
density • It is defined as mass per unit volume.
• How to • It is unique for all materials under same
increase conditions.
accuracy
• SI unit of density is kg/m3
• Low dense materials float on dense liquid.
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Mass
• It is defined as amount of matter and
• Measuring measured by using balance.
Length and
volume
• Measuring
time
• Finding
density • SI unit of mass is kg.
• How to
increase
accuracy
Bestepe Physics
Worked Example
1
Bestepe Physics
Increase accuracy of
measurement
• Measuring
Length and
volume
• Measuring
time
• Finding • A time for one swing is called period.
density
• Multiple measurements then take average.
• How to
increase • Take reference and look at right angle.
accuracy
• Don’t forget to calibrate measuring
instrument.
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Example
2
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Example
3
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Example
4
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Example
5
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Example
6
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Example
7
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Example
7
Bestepe Physics
Example
7
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Example
8
Bestepe Physics
Example
8
Bestepe Physics
Example
8
Bestepe Physics
Answer of first question
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Summary
Bestepe Physics
Homework
1st End of chapter question of Student book chapter 1
2nd Worksheet 1
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Bestepe Physics
