5G Coverage Optimization
CONTENTS
Overview of 5G NR Coverage Optimization
5G NR Coverage optimization method
5G Field Coverage Situation and Common Problems
5G NR Focus on Optimization in The Current Phase
Tool Support Configuration and operation of test tools
such as LMT, CXT and UME
Including basic access, handover, power,
neighbor cell and other parameters. Board-
Parameter Configuration level parameters need to be configured in
accordance with the test results of various
services.
The optimization and adjustment of basic
Coverage Interference coverage planning can effectively control
interference, provide an important basis for
service tests, and is one of the important
tasks of service tests.
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Common Coverage Problems
• The terminal is • The call
offline, cannot be completion rate
registered and and the rate are
provide network low, and user
services for users. experience is poor.
Coverage Weak
hole Coverage
Pilot Overshoot
pollution Coverage
• Interference • Interference and
causes poor SINR, islands may be
low connection formed, handover
rate and download can not be
rate. implemented.
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Coverage Factors in the Radio Signal Propagation Model
Downlink: RSRP (SSB signal receiving power) = SSB signal transmission power + sector-side antenna
gain – propagation loss – building penetration loss – human body loss – cable loss – shadow fading +
terminal antenna gain.
Terminal performance
Sending and receiving mode
Transmit power
Signal detection algorithm
Space propagation loss
Site Address Engineering
Planning quality
Operating Frequency
Antenna height Device stability
Direct signal transmission Terminal
Antenna azimuth Power and
Signal reflection
Device frequency
Signal diffraction
performance
Penetration loss
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Causes of Coverage Problems
Engineering
Network planning Engineering quality The device is parameter
problem problem abnormal. configuration
problems
Unreasonable site The construction quality
planning of the cable interface is Unstable power supply Physical Parameters of
poor.
Unreasonable site height GPS fault
Physical antenna the Antenna Feeder
planning parameters are not The optical module is Frequency
Unreasonable azimuth constructed in faulty.
accordance with the Configuration
planning The master device is not
Unreasonable downtilt plan. Power Parameters
The site location is not operating properly.
planning PCI Configuration
implemented in Version bug
Obstacles in the main accordance with the Neighbor cell
Container Hanging
direction plan. configuration
The AAU power is
The radio environment is The GPS installation
position does not meet abnormal.
changed.
the requirements.
New Coverage Cross connection of
Requirements antennas and feeders
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5G NR Coverage Evaluation Index
Recommended Threshold
Coverage Indicators Index Name Indicator Details
(for reference only)
SSB RSRP Ant0~7 >-110
CSI RSRP Ant0~7 >-110
RSRP
PDCCH RSRP Ant0~7 >-110
PDSCH RSRP Ant0~7 >-110
SSB SINR Ant0~7 >-3
CSI SINR Ant0~7 >-3
SINR
PDCCH SINR Ant0~7 >-3
PDSCH SINR Ant0~7 >-3
RSRQ SSB/CSI/PDCCH/PDSCH RSRQ Ant0~7 >-10
Coverage test
Excellent Good Point Middle Point Far Point
point
CSI SINR=15~20 dB CSI SINR=5~10 dB CSI SINR=-5~0 dB
Downlink CSI SINR≥25 dB
(Typical: 20 dB) (Typical value: 10 dB) (Typical value: 0 dB)
PL=95~105 dB PL=110~120 dB
PL≤90 dB, PL≥125 dB,
(Typical value 95 dB), (Typical value 110 dB),
Uplink Corresponding to CSI Corresponding to CSI RSRP<-
Corresponding to CSI RSRP[- Corresponding to CSI
RSRP>-72dBm 107dBm
87, -77] RSRP[-102, -92]
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CONTENTS
Overview of 5G NR Coverage Optimization
5G NR Coverage optimization method
5G NR Optimization Support Tool
5G Field Coverage Situation and Common Problems
Optimization Principles of Coverage Problems
01 02 03 04
First, optimize SSB Two keys of coverage Optimize weak Power optimization
RSRP optimization: coverage and based on priorities, and
Then, optimize Eliminating weak overshoot coverage physical antenna feeder
SSB-SINR. coverage. first, and then adjustment and
Eliminating Cross optimize pilot optimization
Coverage pollution. (electrical adjustment
first, and mechanical
adjustment later)
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5G NR Coverage optimization method
1. Adjust engineering parameters.
Adjustment contents: Downtilt, azimuth, pssSssPwr configuration, antenna height, antenna position and site location
adjustment;
Adjustment principle: Adjust the physical parameters of the antenna feeder first, and then the power configuration.
2. Parameter configuration optimization
Basic parameter configuration optimization: Basic parameters such as frequency point, PCI/PRACH, neighbor cell and handover
threshold;
Weight parameter configuration optimization: Massive MIMO intelligent antenna weight configuration optimization (tilt, beam width
etc.).
3. Application of the Channel Coverage Enhancement Technology
SSB/PBCH: Wide beam by default. The beam polling has a gain of 5 dB.
PDCCH: PDCCH Boosting; PDSCH/PDCCH: BC/BF;
SmallCDD: After the function is enabled, the uplink of the terminal is changed from single transmit to 4 transmit. The
uplink has a coverage gain of 5-6 dB.
4. Scenario-Based Product Coverage Solution
Outdoor scenario: An AAU cell or planned site is added, and the product model of the macro station or micro station is selected
reasonably in accordance with the environmental characteristics.
Indoor scenario: The old or newly added Qcell indoor coverage is considered according to the characteristics of the indoor scenario,
or the macro station outdoor coverage is indoor.
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Downtilt Optimization Adjustment Estimation
When adjusting engineering parameters, use a gradiometer to measure the downtilt angle of the
antenna, and use a compass to measure the azimuth of the antenna.
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Weight Optimization for Smart Antennas
The 5G NR adopts the Massive MIMO technology, and supports flexible design and self-adaptive adjustment of
broadcast weight. It consists of four dimensions: "Azimuth offset, downtilt angle, horizontal lobe width and vertical
lobe width."
Azimuth (positive indicates clockwise, negative indicates anticlockwise), title (positive indicates
downtilt and negative indicates uptilt), horizontal lobe width, and vertical lobe width
Macro Coverage High building coverage
0','-6','65','10'; 15','7','30','10'; 0','6','20','20'; 0','-3','25','30';
0','-6','65','10'; 15','7','45','10'; 0','6','20','30'; 0','-3','25','45';
0','0','10','40'; 15','7','65','10'; 0','6','30','20'; 0','-3','25','65';
0','0','20','20'; 15','3','30','10'; 0','6','30','30'; 0','-6','25','30';
0','0','20','30'; 15','3','45','10'; 0','6','65','10'; 0','-6','25','45';
0','0','30','20'; 15','3','65','10'; 0','7','30','10'; '0','-6','25','65';
0','0','30','30'; -15','7','30','10'; 0','7','45','10';
0','0','30','40'; -15','7','45','10'; 0','7','65','10';
0','0','65','10'; -15','7','65','10'; 0','9','45','10';
0','3','30','10'; -15','3','30','10'; 0','9','65','10';
0','3','45','10'; -15','3','45','10'; 0','14','30','10';
0','3','65','10'; -15','3','65','10'; 0','14','45','10';
0','14','65','10';
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5G NR 2.0 Macro Station Coverage Solution
Indoor cabinet Outdoor cabinet AAU A9611
BBU V9200
Dimensions: 88.4 (H) *482.6 (W)
*370 (D) (19 "/2U) Dimensions: 880*450*150 mm
Outdoor cabinets use separate
Weight: ≤18 kg
General-purpose 19 "standard wide cabinets developed by ZTE – Weight: ≤45 kg
Power supply mode: -48VDC
The tower company can also be Power supply mode: -48VDC
cabinet
used to purchase cabinets in a Power consumption: <700 W in Power consumption: ≤1500 W
Auxiliary cabinet specially built for unified manner. typical configuration, <2000 W in
(light load 1250 W)
V9200 It is required to have a depth that full configuration (high
Frontal area: ≤0.4 m2
At least 6U space should be can be put into our V9200. temperature)
Installation mode: Pole,
And the cooling capacity of the Installation mode: 19-inch cabinet
reserved in the cabinet. diameter 60~120 mm
outdoor cabinet air conditioner installation, wall-mounted
V9200 is the cooling mode of right should be at least 2000 W or NewCPRI optical module:
installation
inlet air and left outlet air. above. 25Gbps
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5G NR Indoor Coverage Solution
New creation or Long distance
Capability expasion
exchange expasion
Qcell solution for 5G indoor distribution, matching the construction requirements
of various scenarios for indoor distribution
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5G NR Panoramic Coverage Solution
Urban Suburb
CBD
Beauty
sport
Residentai
l area Stadium
5G NR Various product solutions to meet diversified scenarios and industry requirements
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CONTENTS
Overview of 5G NR Coverage Optimization
5G NR Coverage optimization method
5G Field Coverage Situation and Common Problems
Comparison of NR 3.5 GHz and LTE 2.6 GHz UL
Coverage Test in a Mobile Field
With the same project parameters and North diffraction
point of the Diffraction point at the
considering the actual terminal capability.
elevator on floor 3 corner of the hall on floor
For typical coverage distribution locations: 1
• One-layer penetration diffraction
• Very weak hard penetration field RSR UL
RSR UL System MCS RB
System MCS RB P throughput
• Rear reflection P throughput
LTE -108 15 93 4.5Mbps LTE -108 12.9 93 4.0 Mbps
• Normal LOS strong field 5G -108 10 264 16Mbps 5G -109 9 148 8.5Mbps
Normal Reflection point of the Deep penetration
parking lot outside point in the west of
the building floor 3
Syste UL Syste RSR UL
RSRP MCS RB UL MCS RB
m throughput System RSRP MCS RB m P throughput
throughput
LTE -76 24 95 10.2Mbps LTE -111 10 94 3.5Mbps
LTE -111 11 92 3.4Mpbs
5G -74 28 264 75Mbps 5G -115 9 72 4.5Mbps
5G -110 10 200 14.8Mbps
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5G NR Common Problems of Coverage Optimization
Engineering quality problems
Reverse connection of cells: There is a high probability in the experimental network and
engineering optimization stage. Engineering construction personnel need to strengthen quality
training guidance.
Antenna feeder problem: The actual azimuth and downtilt of the antenna are quite different
from the planning. Pay attention to the engineering construction quality.
Optical module loss: The loss of packets is serious, and the model and quality of optical
modules used in some experimental networks are different.
GPS problem: GPS signals are locked slowly or cannot be locked. The signal detection of
adjacent cells is abnormal. It is found that the GPS feeder is bent excessively. Pay attention to
the engineering quality.
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5G NR Common Problems of Coverage Optimization
Network coverage problems
Weak coverage: The pilot network sites have different commissioning priorities, causing poor continuous
coverage in some network areas.
Overlapping coverage problem: Some sites are planned directly through Follow4G, and the network
topology is not reasonable, which leads to high overlapping coverage.
Neighbor cell configuration problem: Some versions of gNB have restrictions on the number of neighbor
cells. Too many neighbor cells affect the handover. The new version has solved the problem.
Handover parameter configuration: If the handover threshold in the network area is set too large, the
handover may be delayed and the SINR may be reduced. In this case, the handover threshold must be
configured properly.
PCI configuration problem: The PCI must be configured properly to avoid handover.
Terminal problems: Some UEs cannot lock satellites or test traffic. In case of any exception, you can
replace them with a new one.
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