Sec 3
Mass, Weight and Density
1
Mass (in kg)
Mass is a measurement relates to how many
particles(atom) in an object/substance. It is measured with
mass balance.
It does not concern with the state of the object or place of
the object.
Mass of 1 kg of steel will be the same even when it is in
liquid,solid or gas state, or when it is at the moon.
0.2 k
1 kg steel 1 kg steel 1 kg steel
(solid) (liquid) (gas)
2
Weight (N)
Weight is the force acting on an object/substance
because of gravity at its place. It is measured with
force meter.
Weigth of an object does not change when it changes
its state. Weight changes when object change its place
to a different gravity.
Weight(w) = mass x gravity
Gravity on earth = 10 m/s2
Gravity on moon= 1.62 m/s2
3
Check your understanding
What is your weight ?
What is your mass ?
Why the mass is the same anywhere?
Why the weight is less at the moon?
The gravity in space is almost zero, what
is the weight of 10 kg object in space?
what about its mass in space?
4
Mass, weight and density worksheet 1
1. Differentiate mass and weight by defining each term.
2. Study figure 1 to answer the following:
FIGURE
Figure 1 1 B
a) which one has more mass? explain it ! A B
b) how big is mass B compare to mass A ? A
b) which one has bigger volume ? explain it !
3. Study figure 2 to answer the following:
a) which one has more mass? explain it !
b) how big is mass B compare to mass A and C ?
b) which one has bigger volume ? explain it !
4. If each symbol of particle of object A of figure 2 has 0.25 kg
mass. The gravity of earth is 10 m/s2.
Calculate: a) mass of A
b) weight of A
5
Density( kg/m3)
Density : is the ratio of mass and volume of a substance.
Density expression:
Density(ρ) = mass(m) in g/mL or g/cm3 or kg/m3(SI)
volume(V)
Note: 1 mL = 1 cm3
1 kg/m3 = 0.001 g/cm3
1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3
Example: 12 kg/m3 = 12x 0.001 g/cm3 = 0.012 g/cm3
6
Densities of Common Substances
7
Calculating
Eg. What is the density of a block of density
steel if it has a mass of 9,360g and a
volume of 1,200cm3?
V
= 9 360 = 7.8
1 200 g/cm3
Eg. What is the mass of a block of Eg. What is the volume of a block of
gold if it has a density of 19.3 g/cm3 ice if it has a density of 0.92 g/cm3
and a volume of 540 cm3? and a mass of 12.462 kg?
Change it
into g first
=12462 g
m = 540 x 19.3 = 10,422g V = 12 462 = 13,546cm3
0.92
Volume of regular shapes
object
Volume of a
regular solid
Length Radius
Height
Height
Width
Volume of rectangular block = Volume of a cylinder=
length x width x height π x radius2 x height
Volume of Irregular shapes object
Read off the level on the scale
before adding the irregular
solid, and again after the solid
has been put into the
measuring cylinder.
Volume of irregular solid =
Volume after – volume before
Eg. 235 – 155 = 80cm3
Volume using diplacement
can
Using a Eureka (displacement)
can
Fill the Eureka can until it stops
over-flowing.
Gently lower the irregular solid
into the can and measure how
much displaced liquid is
collected in the measuring
cylinder.
Learning Check
What is the density (g/cm3) of 48.0 g of a metal if the
level of water in a graduated cylinder rises from 25.0
mL to 33.0 mL after the metal is added?
A) 0.17 g/cm3 B) 6.0 g/cm3 C) 380
g/cm3
25.0 mL 33.0 mL
object
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Solution
Given: 48.0 g Volume of water = 25.0 mL
Volume of water + metal = 33.0
mL
Ask: Density (g/mL)
Answer:
-Calculate the volume difference. Change to cm3,and place
in density expression.
33.0 mL - 25.0 mL = 8.0 mL
= 8.0 cm3
Density = 48.0 g = 6.0 g = 6.0 g/cm3
8.0 cm3 1 cm3
13
Mass, weight and density worksheet 2
1. Differentiate mass, weight and density by defining each term.
2. Calculate the density of
substance A,B,C and D
3. Two spheres P and Q have the
same mass. If radius of P is half then Q.
Find the ratio of density of P to Q.
(Vsphere= 4/3.π.r3)
4. You made some cubes out of each metal in the table that each
measures 2.00 cm on every side. 1cm3=1ml 1 ml= 0.001 L
a. What is the volume of each cube in cm3? Substance Density (g/mL)
in mL? in L? Aluminum
Titanium
2.70
4.54
b. Calculate the mass of the following cubes: Zinc
Tin
7.13
7.31
lead cube ______________ Iron
Nickel
7.87
8.90
Copper 8.96
nickel cube ______________ Silver 10.50
Lead 11.35
zinc cube ______________ Mercury 14 13.55
Gold 19.30
Sink or Float
• Ice floats in
water because
the density of ice
is less than the
density of water.
• Aluminum sinks
because its
density is
greater than the
density of water.
15
Conversion of Density
1 g/mL = 1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3
1 kg/m3= 0.001 g/mL=0.001 g/cm3
for example:
density of water is 1 g/mL or 1 g/cm3
What is its density in kg/m3 ?
Answer: 1 x 1000= 1000 kg/m3
16
Learning Check
Which diagram correctly represents the liquid layers
in the cylinder? Karo (K) syrup (1.4 g/mL), vegetable
(V) oil (0.91 g/mL,) water (W) (1.0 g/mL)
1 2 3
V W K
W K V
K V W
17
Solution
1)
V vegetable oil 0.91 g/mL
W water 1.0 g/mL
K Karo syrup 1.4 g/mL
18
Learning Check
Which of the following samples of metals will displace
the greatest volume of water?
1 2 3
25 g of aluminum 45 g of gold 75 g of lead
2.70 g/mL 19.3 g/mL 11.3 g/mL
19
Solution
25 g of aluminum
1) 2.70 g/mL
Plan: Calculate the volume for each metal and select
the metal sample with the greatest volume.
1) 25g x 1 mL = 9.3 mL aluminum
2.70 g
2) 45 g x 1 mL = 2.3 mL gold
19.3 g
3) 75 g x 1 mL = 6.6 mL lead
11.3 g
20
Applications of Density
Checking rotten egg
Rotten egg produces Hydrogen sulfide gas which
makes the density less. That is the reason why
rotten egg floats.
Checking purity of gold
Checking the purity of jewelry in gold by comparing
the density to the density of a pure real gold.
Layered liquids
Liquids are setting themselves from the lowest
density to the highest density
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Mass, weight and density worksheet 3
1. Mercury metal is poured into a graduated cylinder that holds exactly
22.5 mL. The mercury used to fill the cylinder weighs 306.0 g.
From this information, calculate the density of mercury.
2. A rectangular block of copper metal weighs 1896 g. The dimensions
of the block are 8.4 cm by 5.5 cm by 4.6 cm. From this data, what is
the density of the copper? (hint: find the volume of a block first)
3. A cube of gold-colored metal with a volume of 54 cm 3 has a mass of
980 g. The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm 3. Is this sample of metal pure
gold? Why or why not?
4. A student is putting gold(19 g/cm3),ice(0.92 g/cm3),
lead(11 g/cm3),wood(0.5 g/cm3) inside water(1 g/cm3).
Label the following beaker with the names of the
substances to show their positions.
beaker
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Checking the purity of metals
Method:
1. Record the volume and mass of each metal
2. Calculate the density of each metal
3. Compare your results with the pure density of
the metals provided.
Data: Metal Mass Volume using Density Density
(g) measurement (g/cm )
3
(kg/m3 )
( cm )
3 kg/m3= 1000x g/cm3
Analysis : Compare your results with the densities themetals given by your
teachers. Predict the purity of metal 1, 2, 3 and 4 by comparing its densities to
metals’ densities given on the table above.
