Structured Programming

How java works

 First App
class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
System.out.println("Hello at MNU");
}
}
Variables
Variables
class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
System.out.println(3 +5);
System.out.println(4*7);
}
}

class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
int num1 = 3;
int num2 = 5;
int result= num1 + num2;
System.out.print(result);
}
}
 Data Types
Data types are divided into two groups:
•Primitive data types - includes byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean and char
•Non-primitive data types - such as String, Arrays and Classes
Data Types-Exercise
 Data Types
class Hello{ class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) { public static void main(String args[])
float num1 = 128.1f; {
int num2 = 5; int x, y, z;
byte x= 5; x = y = z = 50; //One Value to Multiple Variables
short val= 456;
long l = 45l; System.out.println(x + y + z);
boolean attend=true; }
char x2='d'; }
System.out.print(num1);
}
}
 Declare Many Variables

class Hello{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String first="Menoufia";
String second= " University";
String fullName= first + second;
System.out.println(fullName);
}
}

class Hello{
public static void main(String args[]) {
String first"Menoufia", second= " University", fullName= first + second;
System.out.println(fullName);
}
}
 Final Variables

class Hello{
public static void main(String args[])
{
final int myNum = 15;
myNum=30; // generate an error
System.out.println(myNum);
}
}
 Literals
class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
//literals
int num1 = 0b111; // converting from binary to decimal
int num2 = 0xA; // converting from Hexadecimal to decimal
double num3= 34; // double can hold integer
double num4 =2e5; // storing 200000
boolean num5= 1; // gives error
char b ='b';
b++;
System.out.println(num1);
System.out.println(num2);
System.out.println(num3);
System.out.println(num4);
System.out.println(b);
} }
 Type casting and coversion

class Hello{ class Hello{

public static void main(String a[]){ public static void main(String a[]) {
byte d=4; double d=4.56;
int x= 5; int x= (int) d;
d=(byte)x; System.out.println(x);} }
System.out.println(d); }}
 Arithmetic operators

Unary
Operators
 Arithmetic operators
class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {

int x= 4;
// x= x + 1;
// x+=1;
x++; // x--;
System.out.println(x);
}
}
class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {

int x= 4;
// int result = ++x; // pre incremen
int result =x++; // post increment
System.out.println(result);
System.out.println(x);
}}
Assignment Operators
 Examples
class Hello{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x=1;
System.out.println("x= "+ x++ +" "+ ++x +" "+ x++ );
System.out.println("fianl val of x = " + x);
}
}

class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
int x= 4; x+=10;
System.out.println(x);
}
}

class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
int k= 5, y=1,z=2;
z+=k-y;
System.out.println(z);
}}
Relational Operators

class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {

int x= 15;
int y = 10;
System.out.println(x==y); // false
System.out.println(x !=y); // true
System.out.println(x > y); //true
System.out.println(x>=y); //true
System.out.println(x<y); //false
System.out.println(x<=y); //false
}}
 Logical Operators

class Hello{
public static void main(String args[]) {
int x= 7, y = 5, a = 5, b= 9;

System.out.println((x > y) && (a < b)); //true

System.out.println((x < y) || (a > b)); //false
System.out.println(!(x < y)); //true
} }
 Short-Circuit Logical Operators
By not evaluating the
second operand, time is
improved and more
efficient code is produced.

class SideEffects {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i=0;
/* Here, i is still incremented even though
the if statement fails. */
if(false && (++i < 100))
System.out.println("this won't be displayed");
System.out.println("if statement executed: " + i); // displays 0
/* In this case, i is not incremented because
the short-circuit operator skips the increment. */
if(false & (++i < 100))
System.out.println("this won't be displayed");
System.out.println("if statement executed: " + i); // displays 1
}}
Operator precedence.
 Operator precedence.
class Hello{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 2, b=3, c=5;
double result= (a+b)* c++ / --a;
System.out.println(result);
} }

class Hello{
public static void main(String[] args){
double result= 2*5 / 2-4 / 4+8;
System.out.println(result);
} }

class Hello{
public static void main(String[] args){
int a=12, b=8;
double c= ++a /6.0 + b++ % 3;
System.out.println(c);
} }
 Operator precedence.
class Hello{ int x = 5;
public static void main(String[] args) { int y = 10;
System.out.println("1 + 2 = " + 1 + 2); int z = ++x * y--;
System.out.println("1 + 2 = " + (1 + 2));
} }

class Hello{ int x = 10;

public static void main(String[] args) int y = x+++x;
{
System.out.println(1 + 2 + "abc");
System.out.println("abc" + 1 + 2);
} }

class Hello{
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean a = false;
boolean b = false;
boolean c = true;
System.out.println(a == b == c);
} }
Operator precedence.
 Exercise
class LogicalOpTable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean p, q;
System.out.println("P\tQ\tAND\tOR\tXOR\tNOT !
(p)");
p = true; q = true;
System.out.print(p + "\t" + q +"\t");
System.out.print((p&q) + "\t" + (p|q) + "\t");
System.out.println((p^q) + "\t" + (!p));
p = true; q = false;
System.out.print(p + "\t" + q +"\t");
System.out.print((p&q) + "\t" + (p|q) + "\t");
System.out.println((p^q) + "\t" + (!p));
p = false; q = true;
System.out.print(p + "\t" + q +"\t");
System.out.print((p&q) + "\t" + (p|q) + "\t");
System.out.println((p^q) + "\t" + (!p));
p = false; q = false;
System.out.print(p + "\t" + q +"\t");
System.out.print((p&q) + "\t" + (p|q) + "\t");
System.out.println((p^q) + "\t" + (!p));}}
Java user Input
 Scanner
import java.util.Scanner;
class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("please enter your
number :");
int val=input.nextInt();
System.out.println("User entered: "+val);
}
}
import java.util.Scanner;
class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("please enter your first number: ");
int num1=input.nextInt();
System.out.print("please enter your second number: ");
int num2=input.nextInt();
System.out.print("Sum= " + (num1 + num2));
}
}
Scanner- with strings
import java.util.Scanner;
class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("please enter your string :");
String stringval=input.next();
System.out.println("stringval= "+stringval);
}
}

import java.util.Scanner;
class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("please enter your string :");
String stringval=input.nextLine();
System.out.println("stringval= "+stringval);
}
}
 Scanner- complete Example
import java.util.Scanner;
class Hello{
public static void main(String a[]) {
Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("What is your name?:");

String name=input.nextLine();

System.out.println("How old are you?: ");

int age=input.nextInt();
input.nextLine();

System.out.println("What is your favorite food?: ");

String food=input.nextLine();

System.out.println("your name is "+ name);

System.out.println("you are "+ age + " years old");
System.out.println("you like " +food);
}
}
 Scanner- Adding two floats

import java.util.Scanner;

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Please enter your first number: ");

float num1= Float.parseFloat(scan.nextLine());

System.out.print("Please enter your second number: ");

float num2= Float.parseFloat(scan.nextLine());

System.out.println(num1 + num2);
}
}
 Scanner- Advanced
import java.util.Scanner;
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
boolean ageflag=false;
float floatage=0.0f;
do {
System.out.print("Please enter your age: ");
try {
floatage=Float.parseFloat(scan.nextLine());
ageflag=true;
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("you did not enter float :( ");
}
} while (ageflag==false);
System.out.println("your age is "+ floatage + " :)");
}
}
 printf
class Hello{
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean booleanval=true;
char x='b';
String name="ahmed";
float num=60.89f;
System.out.printf("the %b is the value for booleanval %n",booleanval);
System.out.printf("the %C is the value for x %n",x);
System.out.printf("the %S is the value for name %n",name);
System.out.printf("the %f is the value for num",num);

}
}
%b represents a boolean value
%C represents a character value
%S represents a String value
%f represents a float value