DOORS AND WINDOWS

MC II
DOORS
For movement and access between
different rooms of a building and with the
outside doors are provided. A door consist
of a frame to which either one or two
leaves are hung by means of metal
hinges.
Doors are vital to your home’s security as
well as it reflects the first impression,
beauty, personality and the well-being of
the occupants.

The main purpose of a door is to

control physical access. Another
function of the door is to maintain
privacy and safety inside the room
or house when it is closed.
Sizes of Doors
There is no specific rule which can fix the size of a door. It is preferable that the
height and width conform to the brick size so that it can be fixed between proper
courses. Rooms in which furniture, beds etc. are to be moved in and out may have
door openings not less than 1m. Stores, kitchen, bath and WCs may have narrow
door openings. For residential building the following sizes are recommended;
1. Living room 1200 x 2100 mm (3’-9” x 7’-0”)
2. Drawing room 1200 x 2100 mm
3. Dining room 1200 x 2100 mm
4. Lounge 1200 x 2100 mm
5. Bedrooms 1200 x 2100 mm
6. Kitchen 900 x 2100 mm (3’-0” x 7’-0”)
7. Bath or W.C. or combined 900 x 2100 or 800 x 2100 mm
Classification of Doors
Classification of doors depends upon the arrangement and pattern and placing of different
members forming the door shutter; accordingly these are classified into the following types
1. Ledged and Battened door
2. Ledged, battened and braced door
3. Framed, ledged, battened and braced door
4. Framed and panelled door
5. Panelled and glazed door
6. Fully glazed or sash door
7. Louvered or ventian door
8. Flush doors
9. Wire gauged door
10. Collapsible door
11. Rolling steel shutters
12. Half door with double action hinges
13. Special doors
1. Ledged and battened Door
• Ledged and battened door
is the simplest form of door
and is frequently used in
places where appearance is
not the main criterion, for
example, temporary
constructions and ware
houses. Battens are vertical
bonds which are having
grooves are attached
together by horizontal
supports called ledges.
2. Ledged, battened and braced Door
To make more rigid, braces
are provided diagonally in
additional to battens and
ledges. It is also used for
cheaper type of
constructions, like, stores,
ware houses, temporary
sheds.
3. Ledged, battened, braced and framed Door
For the simple battened and
ledged door, frame work is
provided in the form of two
verticals, known as stiles.
 4. Framed and paneled Door
This type of door consists of
vertical members, called
styles and horizontal members
called rails. The styles and rails
are suitably grooved to
receive panels. The panels may
be of wood, A.C. sheet, glasses
etc. The panels may be flat or
of raised type to get good
appearance. These are very
commonly used doors. They may
be of single shutter or of double
shutter. If glass panels are used
they may be called as glazed
doors.
 Louvered Doors
Whenever privacy as well
as ventilation is required
such doors can be used.
Louvers are the glass,
wooden or A.C. sheet
strips fixed in the frame of
shutter such that they
prevent vision but permit
free passage of air. The
doors may be fully or
partially louvered. Such
doors are commonly used
for public bathrooms and
latrines.
Flush Doors
The shutters of these doors
are made of plywood or block
boards. They are of??uniform
thickness. These shutters are
available with different
attractive vineer finishes.
The time consumed in
making such doors at site is
quite less. These doors are
suitable for interior portion
of a building. Nowadays flush
doors are commonly used in
residential and
office buildings.
 Solid Core or Laminated Core Flush Door
The core part in solid core flush
door consists of core strips of
timber which are glued under
high pressure condition. Similarly
in the laminated core, battens of
25mm width are glued under high
pressure.
These doors consists of wooden
frame with stiles and rails for
holding the core.
Finally plywood sheets or face
veneer and cross-bands are glued
under pressure on both side of
doors.
 Wire Gauged Doors & Swing Doors
Wire gaged doors permits natural In this case, the shutter is attached to
ventilation and restrict the entry of flies, frame by double action spring which helps
mosquitoes, insects etc.. These doors are the shutter to move inwards as well as
commonly used in hotels, restaurants outwards.
and for cup boards containing eatables.
 Half Doors & Folding Doors
These door are used in offices where Folding door is used singly or as folding
public dealing is to be carried out. These partitions so that two rooms can be used
are provided with double action hinges together as a single room or separately as
so that it can be opened in any direction. per the requirement.
 Collapsible Steel Doors & Rolling Steel Shutter Doors

Collapsible steel doors are generally used Rolling steel shutter doors are commonly
for workshops, sheds, warehouses etc.. It used for warehouses, garages, shops etc..
acts like a steel curtain which will opened or These are very strong and offer proper
closed by horizontal pull or push. safety to the property. The door consists
frame, drum and a shutter of thin steel plate
inter locked together. A horizontal shaft is
provided in the drum which helps to open or
close the shutter.
 Sliding Doors and Revolving Doors
Revolving doors are only provided in
In this type, with the help of runners and public buildings like museums,
guide rails the door slides to the sides. The banks, libraries etc., because of
door may have one or more sliding shutter constant visitors. It consists mullion
depending up on the opening available. at its centre to which four radiating
shutters are attached.
Types of Doors
• There are different types of doors available in the
market i.e. Flush Door, Panel Door, Glass Door,
PVC Door, etc. Generally, the doors are classified in
following ways, based on their
• Location
• Materials
• Operation of Door Shutter
• Method of Construction
• Arrangement of Door Components
Windows

Various windows used may be classified on the basis of

materials used, types of shutters, types of openings of
shutters and the position of windows. Timber, steel and
aluminum are commonly used to make window frames.
Timber may get termite attacks, steel may rust but
aluminum do not have any such defects. However they are
costly.

Shutters of windows may be paneled, glazed or louvered.

Louvered windows are generally used for bathrooms and
toilets where vision is not to be allowed but ventilation is
required. Lower parts paneled and upper parts glazed
windows are commonly used. Instead of paneled one may
think of using translucent glasses. Figure 8.31 show a
louvered windows.
 Fixed and Sliding Windows
Fixed windows are fixed to the wall In this case, window shutters are movable in
without any closing or opening operation. the frame. The movement may be horizontal
In general, they are provided to transmit or vertical based on our requirements. The
the light into the room. Fully glazed movement of shutters is done by the provision
shutters are fixed to the window frame. of roller bearings. Generally, this type of
The shutters provided are generally window is provided in buses, bank counters,
weatherproof. shops, etc..
 Pivoted and Louvered Windows

In this type of windows, pivots are provided to Louvered windows are similar to
window frames. Pivot is a shaft which helps to louvered doors which are provided for
oscillate the shutter. No rebates are required the ventilation without any outside
for the frame. The swinging may either vision. The louvers may be made of
horizontal or vertical based on the position of wood, glass or metal.
pivots.
 Casement and Sash Windows
Casement windows are the widely used and Sash window is type of casement
common windows nowadays. The shutters are window, but in this case panels are fully
attached to frame and these can be opened glazed. It consists top, bottom and
and closed like door shutters. The panels of intermediate rails. The space between
shutters may be single or multiple. Sometimes the rails is divided into small panels by
wired mesh is provided to stop entering of mean of small timber members called
fly’s. sash bars or glazing bars.
 Corner and Bay Windows
As in the name itself corner windows are Bay windows are projected windows
provided at the corners of room. That means form wall which are provided to
corner windows has two faces in increase the area of opening, which
perpendicular directions. By providing this enables more ventilation and light form
type of windows, light or air can be entered outside. They give beautiful appearance
into room in two different directions. to the structure.
 Dormer and Skylights
Dormer windows are provided for sloped Skylights or generally provided on the
roofs. They provide ventilation as well as top of sloped roofs. To admit light into
lighting to the room. They also enhance the rooms, sky lights are provided.
aesthetic sense of room.
 Picture and Double Hung Window
This variety is a large stationary window that lets This type of window has two sashes
in the maximum amount of light and views of the that slide vertically up and down in
outdoors. the frame.