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CSE 109 Lecture 8

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14 views

CSE 109 Lecture 8

Uploaded by

aranya13078
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object Oriented Programing

• Encourages to decompose a problem into constituent parts


• An object is the composition of nouns (like data such as
numbers, strings, or variables) and verbs (like actions, such
as functions).
Features of OOP
• Encapsulation
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
Encapsulation
• Binds the code and the data it manipulates together
• An object is a variable of a user defined type
Polymorphism
• One name, many purpose
• In C: abs(), labs(), fabs()
• In C++: one function abs()
• Can be applied to
– Methods
– Operators
Inheritance
• One object can acquire the properties of another
C++
• Superset of C
• Supports OOP
Simple program
#include<iostream> #include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
int main() {
{ /*program code*/
/*program code*/ return 0;
return 0; }
}
Simple program
#include<iostream> #include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
int main() {
{ /*program code*/
/*program code*/ return 0;
return 0; }
}
New Style Header
• Do not specify file names
• Standard identifiers: may be mapped to files by the
compiler
• Actually abstractions – just guarantee that appropriate
prototypes and definitions exist
• .h is not needed
• Example:
– #include<cmath>
– #include<cstring>
• Old style headers are also supported
– But obsolete
Simple program
#include<iostream> #include<stdio.h>
using namespace std; int main()
int main() {
{ /*program code*/
/*program code*/ return 0;
return 0; }
}
Namespaces
• When new style header is included the content of the
header are contained in the std namespace
• Namespace: a declarative region
• To localize the name of the identifiers to avoid collision
• To bring the std namespace into visibility
– using namespace std;
Console I/O
• The output operatot <<
• The input operator >>
• cout is a predefined stream automatically linked to stdout
– Possible to output any C++ basic type
– cout<<expression;
– cout<<3.1416;
– cout<<3-1;
• cin is a predefined stream automatically linked to stdin
– int num;
cin>>num;
– & not needed
– Line buffered
Console I/O
Console I/O
• For input individual data items must be separated by
whitespace characters
Differences
C C++
• If no parameter void should be • If no parameter void is
written optional
• Function prototype optional • Functions must be prototyped
• return ; in a function with • function with return type
return type other than void is other than void must return a
possible value
• Return type default to int if not • Return type of function must
specified be declared explicitly
• Local variable can be declared • Local variables can be
only at the start of the block declared anywhere
• Defines bool datatype
• Keyword true and false are
defined
Function Overloading
• Two or more function with same name
• Have to declare and define all the versions
Function Overloading
In-line function
• Function not called
• Expanded in-line at the point of each call
• No overhead associated
• Faster in execution than normal function
• If too large and called too often program grows large
• In general short functions are declared as in-line function
• Must be defined before its first call
In-line function
In-line function

• Is functionally equivalent to
References
• Teach Yourself C++ by Herbert Schildt (Third Edition)
– Chapter 1 (1.1-1.4, 1.6-1.8)
Thank You ☺

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