Unit of Charge
•
Coulomb’s Law
• Coulomb’s Law states that the force of
attraction or repulsion between two small
charged bodies is directly proportional to the
product of the two charges and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance
between them. In symbols,
Coulomb’s Law
Coulomb’s Law
The forces on the two charges are action-reaction forces.
Coulomb’s Law
Problem Solving Strategy
1. As always, consistent units are essential. With
the value of k given, distances , charge , and
force.
2. Remember that the electric force, F, like any
force, is a vector.
Sample Problem 1
•
Sample Problem 2
•
Electric Field, Electric Flux and
Gauss’ Law
Electric Field
• Whenever you have a charged object placed
anywhere in space, it will be surrounded by a region
such that if you put any other charged body at any
point in that region, that second charged body will be
acted upon by an electric force. This “region” which
exerts a force on any other charges around it is called
electric field.
-
+
Electric Field
Recall: (Coulomb’s Law)
So,
Thus,
Unit: N/C
Sample Problem 1
The first body has a charge of 1.2 C and is
separated by 0.3 m from another charged
body. Find the electric field intensity exerted
by the first object.
Sample Problem 2
Find the value of electric field at a distance
of 10 cm from the center of a non-
conducting sphere which has a positive
charge equal to 7 µC uniformly distributed
within the volume of the sphere.
Electric Flux
What is Electric Flux?
• Just like the flow of water, or light energy, we can think of
electric flux as flowing through a surface (although in this
case nothing is actually moving).
• Basically, electric flux is the number of electric field lines
that pass through a surface – more field lines means larger
flux.
What is Electric Flux?
• One practical application is with solar panels
Less Flux
More Flux
Same Area of Solar Panel, but different tilt
What is Electric Flux?
Φ=EA
Φ = E A = E A cos θ
What is Electric Flux?
• Electric flux has SI unit of Vm (Volts Meter).
Sample Problem 1
•
A. What is the electric flux inside the disk?
(a.) A = π r²
A =π (0.10m) = 0.0314 m
2 2
Φ = E A cos θ
Φ = (2.0x103 N/C)(0.0314 m2)(cos 30)
Φ =?
Gauss’ Law
• Gauss’ Law was formulated by German scientist Carl
Friedrich Gauss in 1835, but was not published until
1867.
Gauss’ Law
Gauss’ Law
•
charge
electric flux
++
Thus, Gauss’ Law is used in evaluating the
electric flux through enclosed surfaces.
Gauss’ Law
Charged body
Spherical Surface
that surrounds the
charged body
Also,
Φ=EA
So,
Thus,
Sample Problem
Consider a solid sphere of radius 2.30 cm, which has a
net uniform charge of 4.5 nC. What is the approximate
magnitude of the electric field?
Sample Problem
A positive point charge Q = 3 µC is surrounded by a
sphere with radius 0.20m centered on the charge.
what is the magnitude of this charge?
