SEQUENCES AND
SERIES
YEAR 11
DATE: 4TH, NOV. 2024
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Sequences
A sequence is a set of numbers written in a
particular order.
For examples
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, . . . .
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, . . . .
1, −1, 1, −1, 1, −1, . . . ,
Classwork
(a)A sequence is given by the formula
U = 3n + 5, for n = 1, 2, 3, . . .. Write
down the first five terms of this
sequence.
(b) A sequence is given by u = , for n =
1, 2, 3, . . .. Write down the first four
terms
of this sequence. What is the 10th term?
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION A.P
An arithmetic progression, or AP, is a
sequence where each new term after the
first is obtained
by adding or subtracting a constant d,
called the common difference, to the
preceding term.
If the first term = a
and the common diference = d
then the arithmetic progression AP is:
Consider the following common sequences
1, 3, 5, 7, . . .
0, 10, 20, 30, 40, . . . .
8, 5, 2, −1, −4, . . .
Nth of an AP
• If a = first term , d = common difference and Tn = nth term
• Then
Tn = a + (n – 1) d
1. Examples
Examples
2.
Examples
3. The second and the 5th term of a n
AP are given as 3 and 9 respectively.
Find
a. The common difference
b. The first term
c. The 10th term
d. The nth term of the AP
Classwork
1. In the AP shown below, find for each
a. The common difference
b. The 12th term
2. Find the number of terms in the AP: -
-6 , -2……….71
3. The 4th term of an AP is 15 and the 9th
term is 35. find the 15th term
Geometric progressions
• A geometric progression, or GP, is a sequence
where each new term after the first is obtained
by multiplying or dividing the preceding term by
a constant r, called the common ratio.
If the first term of the sequence is a then the
geometric progression is:
a, ………
For example
•3, 9, 27, 81, 243 …………………..
•½ , 1, 2, 4, 8, ……………….
n th
term of a G.P
Tn =
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE 4
The second term of an exponential sequence is
35 and the fourth term is 875. find the
a. The first term
b. The fifth term
SERIES
SUM OF A.P. FORMULA
EXAMPLE 1
Find the sum of the first 20 terms
of the arithmetic progression
16 + 9 + 2 + (-5) + ………
EXAMPLE 2
The first and last terms of an AP are 0
and 108. if the sum of the series is
702, find
a) The number of terms in the AP
b) The common difference between
them.
EXAMPLE 3
The salary scale for an official
starts at N1.7million. A rise of
N84000 is given at the end of
each year. Find the total amount
of the money that the officer will
earn in 14 years.
classwork
1. Find the 15th term of the sequence 24, 12, 6, …..
2. Find the common ratio and the number of terms in 54, 18, …..
3. The 6th term of a GP is 2000. find its first term if its common ratio is
10.
4. The 8th term of a GP is - find Its common ratio if its first term is 28
5. Find sum of the AP 60 + 91 + 122 + 153 + 184
Sum of G.P
EXAMPLE 1
• A GP has 6 terms. If the 3rd and 4th
terms are 28 and – 56 respectively,
find
a) The first term
b) The sum of the GP.
Sum to infinity of a GP
Example 1
The sum to infinity of a GP is 60. if the
first term of the series is 12, find its
second term.
Speedwork
1. The 2nd and 5th terms of a GP are – 7 and 56 respectively. Deduce
a. The common ratio
b. The first term
c. The sum of the first five terms
2. If (3 – x ) + (6) + (7 – 5x) is a geometric series, find the two possible
values for
a) X
b) The common ratio
c) The sum of the GP
3. Find the sum of the following series
1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + …………as far as 10th term
