ORAL

COMMUNICATION
Nature and Elements of
Communication
Take a closer look •What are these tools?
at the pictures •How are these
communication tools used?
•What tool may it be if you
choose among the tools
that can deliver
communication
effectively? Why?
•What will happen if
communication does not
exist? Why?
• What do you think they are doing?
• Do you think they understand each other? Why? Why not?
• Which group of people do you think used communication
effectively? Why? Why not?
Let's do this!
Complete the table by making a script based on the following
pictures and answer the questions below. Be specific with the script
as to the length.
Picture 1
Picture 2
Picture 3
What is Communication?

1. Communication comes from the Latin term

"communis" which means to share and inform ideas
and feelings.

2. It is the act of transmitting intended meanings from

one entity or group to another through the use
of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules.

3. It also helps facilitate the process of sharing

information and knowledge and develops relationships
 Explaining the Models of Communication

Models of Communication are conceptual models

used to describe the communication process.

•Linear Model- Aristotle Model

•Transaction Model- Claude Shannon and
Warren Weaver
•Interactive Model- Wilbur Schramm
 Elements of SPEAKER MESSAGE LISTENER

Communicatio
n

CHANNEL FEEDBACK NOISE

Explaining the Models of
Communication
Group Activity!

1. The class will be divided into 10.

2. Each group will be given a topic to be discussed. (Refer to your Assignment Notebook)
Group 1- Linear Model Group 2- Transaction Model Group 3-
Interactive Model
Group 4- Speaker Group 5- Message Group
6- Listener
Group 7- Channel Group 8- Response Group 9- Feedback
Group 10- Noise
3. Each group will be given 5 minutes to collaborate their ideas and a maximum of 3
minutes to discuss their topic to the class.
4. Each group will be rated according to the following criteria:
Correctness of answer-5 pts.
Delivery - 5 pts.
Group behavior- 5 pts.
Models of Communication

1. Linear Model-Aristotle Model

A speaker centered model as the speaker has the most
important role in it and is the only one active. It mainly
focused on the speaker, speech(message), and
audience.

Speaker Message Listener

ARISTOTLE'S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

2. Interactive Model- Wilbur Schramm
Model

Schramm is considered the Father of

Communication.
He was the first individual who identify
himself as a communication scholar.
In his model, he explained that
communication is a two-way circular
between the sender and the receiver.
It emphasizes on encoding and decoding
3. Eugene White Model
White’s Model of communication tells that it is circular and continuous, without a
beginning or an end. He contributed the concept of feedback to the field of
communication. Feedback is the perception by the speaker about the response of the
listener.
• Thinking- a desire, feeling or an
emotion provides a speaker to
communicate a need.
• Symbolizing- Before he can utter
sounds, a speaker has to know the
code of oral language with which to
represent his ideas and in order to
make his selection.
• Expressing- the speaker then uses
his vocal mechanism to produce the
sounds of language accompanied by
facial expressions, gestures, and
•Transmitting- waves of sound
spreading. Carry the
speaker's message to the
listeners.
•Receiving- sound waves
impinge upon the listener's
ears.
•Decodng- the listener
interprets the language
symbols he receives and
thinks further
• Feedbacking- the listener
may manifest overt behavior like
a nod, smile, or yawn or he/she may
not show any behavior at all (covert
behavior like fast heartbeat, a poker
face, etc.
• Monitoring- while the speaker
watches for signs of reception or
understanding of his message among
his listeners, he is also attuned to
what's going on inside him; the
speaker is receiving, and decoding
messages about himself from his
audience in order to adjust to a
 Transaction Model- Claude Shannon and
Warren Weaver Model
The Shannon-Weaver model has been called the “mother of all
models.” Social Scientists use the term to refer to an integrated
model of the concepts of the information source, message,
transmitter, signal, channel, noise, receiver, information
destination, probability of error, encoding, decoding, information
rate, and channel capacity. The model’s primary value is in
explaining how messages are lost and distorted in the
communication process. This model is often called Telephone
Model because it is based on the experience of having the
message interfered with by “noise” from the telephone
Speaker (Information source) – Sender is the person who makes
the message, chooses the channel and sends the message.
Encoder (Transmitter) –Encoder is the sender who uses machine,
which converts message into signals or binary data. It might also
directly refer to the machine.
Noise –Noise is the physical disturbances like environment,
people, etc. which does not let the message get to the receiver as
what is sent.
Decoder (Receiver) – Decoder is the machine used to convert
signals or binary data into message or the receiver who
translates the message from signals.
Receiver (Destination) –Receiver is the person who gets the
 The Process of Communication
•The communication process is the basis for realizing the
effectiveness of communication where the sharing of a
common meaning occurs between the sender and the
receiver.
•Effective communication leads to understanding.
•There are also factors present in the communication process
and these are in the form of the sender and the receiver.
•It consists of key components such as encoding, the
medium of transmission, decoding, and feedback.
Elements of Communication
2. The Message is what needs
1. The Speaker is an important to be delivered by the speaker.
element of communication It is central to the process
being the source of delivering because it is the point of saying
the information in a verbal or something based on why, what,
non-verbal way. and how the speaker wants to
say.

3. The Listener is the one who

receives the message. The
feedback depends on how the
listener reacts to the message
4. Channel is the way in which
sent. It has been said that no
a message is sent through our
matter how great the speaker
senses
is and good the Message, if
there is no listener or are not
listening, then communication
fails.
Elements of Communication
5. The Response is the only way the Speaker knows that
the message has been received based on how it is
interpreted by the receiver whether it is positive or
negative.

6. Feedback is the result of monitoring the listener’s

response. The positive or negative response depends on
how the listener effectively interpreted the message.
Speaker will make sure of the feedback in continuing his
or her message.

7. Noise is any barrier or interference to communication.