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Introduction To Computer Networks

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Introduction To Computer Networks

Uploaded by

alyssatimbol4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer Networks

Introduction to Computer Networks

• A computer network is a set of computers


connected together for the purpose of sharing
resources. The most common resource shared
today is the Internet, but a network might also
allow file sharing, access to applications, or shared
use of peripheral devices like printers.
• A computer network can be as small as two
laptops connected through a cable or as large as
the Internet itself, which is a vast network of
networks.
Basic Components of a Computer
Network
• To understand how computer
networks operate, knowing its
basic components is essential.
Here are a few key elements:

• Nodes: Any device connected


to the network, including
computers, printers, and
routers.
Basic Components of a Computer
Network

• Links: Physical or
wireless connections
that enable data
transfer between
nodes.
Basic Components of a Computer
Network

• Network Interface
Card (NIC): A hardware
component that allows a
computer to connect to a
network.
Basic Components of a Computer
Network

• Router: A device
that forwards data
packets between
computer networks,
directing traffic on
the Internet.
How Computer Networks Work

• Computer networks exchange data by using a set


of rules called protocols. The most widely used
protocol suite is the Internet Protocol Suite, also
known as TCP/IP. These protocols are responsible
for ensuring data is sent and received correctly
across the network.
How Computer Networks Work

• Data on a network is broken down into packets.


When a message is sent over the network, it is
divided into smaller packets, each of which is sent
independently. The packets travel across various
routes and are reassembled at their destination to
form the original message.
Types of Computer Networks
• Computer networks can be classified based on their size,
geographic area they cover, or their functional relationships.
Here are some common types:
• Local Area Network (LAN): A network that spans a
relatively small space, such as a single building or campus.
• Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that covers a broad
area, such as multiple buildings, cities, or countries. The
Internet is Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): the largest
WAN.
• A network designed to extend over an entire city or town.
• Personal Area Network (PAN): A smaller network used for
connecting personal devices, typically within a range of a few
Network Topologies
• Network topology refers to the
physical or logical arrangement
of the network's components.
Here are some key topologies:

• Bus Topology: All devices


share a single communication
line. It’s easy to install but
difficult to troubleshoot.
Network Topologies

• Star Topology: All


devices are connected
to a central hub. It’s
reliable but requires
more cabling.
Network Topologies

• Ring Topology:
Devices are connected
in a circular fashion.
Data travels in one
direction, reducing the
chance of collision.
Network Topologies

• Mesh Topology: Every


node is connected to
every other node. It
provides high fault
tolerance but is
expensive.
The Importance of Computer Networks

• Computer networks offer numerous benefits, making them


indispensable in modern business environments. Here are
some advantages:
• Resource Sharing: Helps in sharing resources like files,
printers, and internet connections.
• Communication: Facilitates efficient communication via
emails, instant messaging, video calls, etc.
• Data Security: Centralized data storage improves
security and facilitates data backup and recovery.
Common Network Devices

• Several devices are commonly used in networking. Here's a


brief overview:
• Switch: Connects devices within the same network.
Unlike a hub, it only sends data to the specific device it is
intended for.
• Gateway: Acts as a bridge between different networks,
often used to connect a local network to the Internet.
• Firewall: Provides a barrier between a trusted internal
network and untrusted external networks, controlling data
flow for security purposes.
Network Security

• Ensuring network security is critical to protect sensitive data from


unauthorized access, misuse, or theft. Here are some common security
measures:

• Firewalls: Monitor and control incoming and outgoing network


traffic based on predetermined security rules.
• Encryption: Converts data into a coded format to protect it from
unauthorized access during transmission.
• Antivirus Software: Detects and destroys malicious software
(malware) that could harm your system.
• Network Policies: Guidelines and rules that dictate acceptable
use of network resources and help prevent security breaches.
Conclusion

• Computer networks are the backbone of modern


communication and data exchange. They enable
resource sharing, enhance communication, and
provide data security, making them essential for
businesses of all sizes. Understanding the basics of
computer networks, including their components,
types, topologies, and security measures, helps us
appreciate their importance and use them
effectively for our organizational needs.
Prepared by: Jayson Galang
@ All right reserve 2024

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