PHP ARRAYS

PHP arrays
• Arrays are complex variables that allow us to store more
than one value or a group of values under a single
variable name.

• Arrays are zero-indexed.

• Why to use arrays?

Efficiently manage lists of data.
Group related data together.
Simplify code by reducing the number of variables
needed.
Types of Arrays in PHP
There are three types of arrays that you can create. These
are:

• Indexed array — An array with a numeric key.

• Associative array — An array where each key has its
own specific value.
• Multidimensional array — An array containing one or
more arrays within itself.
Creating and initializing arrays

• Two ways to declare an empty array:

• Declare empty arrays: $emptyArray = array();

• PHP 5.4+ shortcut: $emptyArray = [];

Creating and initializing arrays

• Two ways to declare an indexed array:

• Use array() function : $colors = array("red", "green",

"blue");

• Shortcut method in PHP 5.4+: $colors = ["red", "green",

"blue"];
Creating and initializing arrays

• Two ways to declare an associative arrays:

• Use array() function with key-value pairs : $person =

array("name" => "John", "age" => 30);

• PHP 5.4+ shortcut: $person = ["name" => "John", "age"

=> 30];
Creating and initializing arrays
• Two ways to declare a multidimensional arrays:

• Nested array() calls.

Accessing Elements

• Use square brackets with index: $colors[0]; // "red“

• Accessing elements in associative arrays:

$person['name']; // "John“

• Access elements in multidimensional arrays: $matrix[2][1];

// 8
Modifying Array Elements

• Update values by index in indexed array:

$colors[0] = "yellow“;

• Update values by key in associative array :

$person["city"] = "New York";

• Update values by index/key in multidimensional array:

$person[0]["city"] = "New York";
Removing Elements from Arrays

• Use unset() function to remove the element in indexed

arrays:
unset($colors[2]); // Removes "blue“

• Use unset() function to remove the element in associative

arrays:
unset($person["age"]);
Indexed Arrays
• An indexed or numeric array stores each array element with a
numeric index.

<?php
$courses = array("PHP", "Laravel", "Node js");
echo "I like " . $courses[0] . ", " . $courses[1] . " and " .
$courses[2];
echo "<br>";
echo count($courses);
?>
OUTPUT:
I like PHP, Laravel and Node js
3
Loop Through an Indexed Array(for loop)
<?php
$courses = array("PHP", "Laravel", "Node js");
$courseslength = count($courses);

for($x = 0; $x <$courseslength; $x++) {

echo $courses[$x];
echo "<br>";
}
?>
OUTPUT:
PHP
Laravel
Node js
Loop Through an Indexed Array(PHP foreach
Loop)
• The foreach loop is used to iterate over arrays.
• It is used to loop through each key/value pair in an array.
<?php
$courses = array("PHP", "Laravel", "Node js");

// Loop through colors array

foreach($courses as $course){
echo $course . "<br>";
}
?>

OUTPUT:
PHP
Laravel
Node js
Associative Array
• Associative arrays are arrays that use named keys that
you assign to them.

• We can associate name with each array elements in PHP

using => symbol.

• The keys assigned to values can be arbitrary and user

defined strings.
Associative Array(contd.)
<?php
$courses = array("INT220"=>"PHP", "INT221"=>"Laravel",
"INT222"=>"Node js");
echo "INT 220 is ".$courses['INT220'].". INT 221 is ".
$courses['INT221'].". INT222 is ".$courses['INT222'];
?>
OUTPUT:
INT 220 is PHP. INT 221 is Laravel. INT222 is Node js
Associative Array(contd.)
<?php
$courses["INT220"] = "PHP";
$courses["INT221"] = "Laravel";
$courses["INT222"] = "Node js";

// Printing array structure

print_r($courses);
?>

OUTPUT:
Array ( [INT220] => PHP [INT221] => Laravel [INT222] =>
Node js )
Loop Through an Associative Array(for each
loop)
<?php
$courses =
array("INT220"=>"PHP","INT221"=>"Laravel","INT222"=>"Node
js");
foreach($courses as $course => $value) {
echo "Key=".$course.","."Value=".$value;
echo "<br>";
}
?>
OUTPUT:
Key=INT220, Value=PHP
Key=INT221, Value=Laravel
Key=INT222, Value=Node js
Loop Through an Associative Array(for loop)
<?php
$courses = array('INT220'=>'PHP','INT221'=>'Laravel','INT222'=>
'Node js');
$keys = array_keys($courses);
$values = array_values($courses);
for($x=0; $x<count($courses); $x++) {
echo "Key=".$keys[$x].','."Value=".$values[$x]. "<br>";
}
?>
OUTPUT:
Key=INT220,Value=PHP
Key=INT221,Value=Laravel
Key=INT222,Value=Node js
Multidimensional Arrays
• The multidimensional array is an array in which each
element can also be an array and each element in the
sub-array can be an array or further contain array within
itself and so on.
Multidimensional Arrays(contd.)
OUTPUT:
<?php Manoj----CGPA is: 7.8 and his status is
$result = array( pass
array("Manoj",7.8,"pass"), Aditya----CGPA is: 8.5 and his status is
pass
array("Aditya",8.5,"pass"),
Anuj----CGPA is: 4.9 and his status is fail
array("Anuj",4.9,"fail")
);
echo $result[0][0]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[0][1]." and his status is ".
$result[0][2]."<br>";
echo $result[1][0]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[1][1]." and his status is ".
$result[1][2]."<br>";
echo $result[2][0]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[2][1]." and his status is ".
$result[2][2];
?>
Multidimensional Arrays(contd.)
<?php
$result = array(
array(
"name" => "Manoj",
OUTPUT:
"cgpa" => 7.8, Manoj----CGPA is: 7.8 and his status is pass
),
"status" => "pass"
Aditya----CGPA is: 8.5 and his status is pass
array( Anuj----CGPA is: 4.9 and his status is fail
"name" => "Aditya",
"cgpa" => 8.5,
"status" => "pass"
),
array(
"name" => "Anuj",
"cgpa" => 4.9,
"status" => "fail"
)
);
echo $result[0]["name"]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[0]["cgpa"]." and his status is ".$result[0]["status"]."<br>";
echo $result[1]["name"]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[1]["cgpa"]." and his status is ".$result[1]["status"]."<br>";
echo $result[2]["name"]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[2]["cgpa"]." and his status is ".$result[2]["status"];
?>
Loop Through an Multidimensional Array(for
loop)
<?php
$result = array ( OUTPUT:

array("Manoj",7.8,"pass"),
array("Aditya",8.5,"pass"), Row number 0
Manoj
array("Anuj",4.9,"fail") 7.8
Pass
);
Row number 1
Aditya
for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { 8.5
echo "<h4>Row number $row</h4>"; Pass

for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) { Row number 2

echo $result[$row][$col]."<br>"; Anuj
4.9
}
fail
}
?>
Loop Through an Multidimensional
Array(foreach loop)
<?php
OUTPUT:
$result = array (
array("Manoj",7.8,"pass"),
Row number 0
array("Aditya",8.5,"pass"),
Manoj
array("Anuj",4.9,"fail") 7.8
); Pass

for($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { Row number 1

echo "<h4>Row number $row</h4>"; Aditya
8.5
Pass
foreach ($result[$row] as $resul) {
Row number 2
echo $resul."<br>"; Anuj
} 4.9
fail
}
?>
Loop Through an Multidimensional
Array(foreach loop)
<?php
$books =
array("C++" => array("name" => "Beginning with C","copies" =>8),
"PHP" => array("name" => "Basics of PHP","copies" => 10),
"Laravel" => array("name" => "MVC","copies" => 3)
); C++
name = Beginning with C
copies = 8
$keys = array_keys($books);
for($i = 0; $i < count($books); $i++) { PHP
echo "<h1>$keys[$i]</h1>"; name = Basics of PHP
copies = 10
foreach($books[$keys[$i]] as $key => $value) {
echo $key . " = " . $value . "<br>"; Laravel
} name = MVC
copies = 3
}
?>